Medical Links

The Brain - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Human Brain

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Brain Basics: Know Your Brain.
The brain is the most complex part of the human body. This three-pound organ is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior. Lying in its bony shell and washed by protective fluid, the brain is the source of all the qualities that define our humanity. The brain is the crown jewel of the human bod
InnerBody.com Full brain description
The brain is one of the most complex and magnificent organs in the human body. Our brain gives us awareness of ourselves and of our environment, processing a constant stream of sensory data. It controls our muscle movements, the secretions of our glands, and even our breathing and internal temperature. Every creative thought, feeling, and plan is developed by our brain. The brain’s neurons record the memory of every event in our lives.
Webmd.com Brain and Nervous System Health Center
The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called synapses.
Enchantedlearning.com Structure and Function of the Human Brain
The brain has three main parts, the Cerebrum, the Cerebellum, and the Brain Stem. The brain is divided into regions that control specific functions.
National Geographic The Human Brain
Making sense of the brain's mind-boggling complexity isn't easy. What we do know is that it's the organ that makes us human, giving people the capacity for art, language, moral judgments, and rational thought. It's also responsible for each individual's personality, memories, movements, and how we sense the world.

2. Brain Diseases

Webmd Brain Diseases.
Brain Diseases come in different forms. Infections, trauma, stroke, seizures, and tumors are some of the major categories of brain diseases. Here's an overview of various diseases of the brain.
Brain Foundation A - Z of Brain Disorders.
The directory lists disorders, diseases and injuries of the brain, spinal cord and nervous system, and contain a brief description of each condition, under the following headings:
- Description
- Treatment
- Prognosis
Support services
- Link to latest Australian research papers (within last 5 years) (PubMed database).
- Links to other websites for further information.
For more detailed information on Chronic Headaches and Migraines you will be redirected to the Brain Foundation’s Headache Australia website www.headacheaustralia.org.au which is specifically designed to help Headache and Migraine sufferers.
HealthCommunities.com The Brain and Nerves
From chronic pain to seizures, Parkinson's disease to dementia, get trusted information you need to better understand Degenerative Brain Diseases.
Degenerative brain diseases are caused by the decline and death of nervous system cells called neurons. These diseases are progressive, meaning that the condition worsens over time as greater numbers of neurons in the brain die. As the brain gradually deteriorates, the patient loses intellectual function in key areas such as speech, memory and spatial skills.
Livestrong.com A list of fatal Human Brain Diseases
Many different things can affect brain function, from infection, to trauma, to metabolic imbalances, but only a few of them are deadly. Most of these deadly diseases are equal opportunity, infecting just as many people from First World countries as they do from underdeveloped nations. Only a few diseases are specific to one region or location in the world, while the rest of them can strike anyone at anytime.

3. Conditions and disorders of the Human Brain

BrainFacts.org Neurological Diseases and Disorders A - Z.
Access a list of more than 400 neurological disorders from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Summaries give symptom descriptions, treatment options, and prognosis, along with information about ongoing research on causes, diagnosis, and potential therapies. Contact information for related professional and health organizations is also featured.
HealthLine.com Brain Disorders - Overview.
The symptoms of brain disorders typically depend on the cause of the con dition. Brain disorders may affect the main areas of your brain that control how you move, think, and behave. Some tumors can constrict the blood vessels in your brain.
The following are some common symptoms brain disorders may present:
- headaches or migraines
- seizures (convulsions)
- memory problems
- change in the way you normally behave
- problems with your vision (double vision, for example)
- lack of muscle control
- vomiting or nausea
News Medical Human Brain Pathology
There are several diseases and disorders that may affect the brain. Some of these include:
Disorders leading to unconsciousness or altered consciousness.
Coma is defined as a state where the brain is no longer alert and the body does not respond to inner or external stimuli. Common causes of coma include brain injury, thrombosis, embolism, brain tumor, metabolic disease, nutritional deficiency, poisoning and brain infection caused by falciparum malaria, tuberculosis, or syphilis, for example. In some cases, loss of consciousness may be only partial and this is termed altered consciousness.

4. Organizations, Associations, and Foundations

American Brain Foundation Vision to Cure Brain Disease
The American Brain Foundation supports vital research and education to discover causes, improved treatments, and cures for brain and other nervous system diseases.
Alzheimers Association alz.org/braintour - Three Pounds, Three Parts.
Your brain is your most powerful organ, yet weighs only about three pounds. It has a texture similar to firm jelly.
It has three main parts:
1. The Cerebrum fills up most of your skull. It is involved in remembering, problem solving, thinking, and feeling. It also controls movement.
2. The Cerebellum sits at the back of your head, under the cerebrum. It controls coordination and balance.
3. The Brain Stem sits beneath your cerebrum in front of your cerebellum. It connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate and blood pressure.
Science Direct
Neuron -Functional Network Organization of the Human Brain.
BrainFutures 2015
Exploring new frontiers to improve Brain Health and Optimize the Minds Potential.
Organization for Human Brain Mapping Advancing Understanding of the Human Brain
The Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) is the primary international organization dedicated to using neuroimaging to discover the organization of the human brain. The organization was created in 1995 and has since evolved in response to the explosion in the field of human functional neuroimaging and its movement into the scientific mainstream.
EurekAlert! The Global source for Science News
Researchers find the organization of the human brain to be nearly ideal
New research reveals that the structure of the human brain has an almost ideal network of connections.
Society For Neuroscience Advancing the understanding of the Brain and Nervous System
The Society for Neuroscience is the world’s largest organization of scientists and physicians devoted to understanding the brain and nervous system. The nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, now has nearly 40,000 members in more than 90 countries and 130 chapters worldwide.

5. Brain Research

The University of Iowa Human Brain Research Lab
The overall aim of research in the HBRL is to gain new knowledge on the neural mechanisms in the human brain underlying sensory, perceptual and cognitive processes related to hearing, speech, language and emotional behavior. The research is carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of research scientists from the University of Iowa as well as from a number of other academic research institutions around the world.
LiveScience.com The Amazing Human Brain
The human brain is the body's computer. Find out everything there is to know about your brain and stay updated on the latest news with the comprehensive articles and images of the brain at LiveScience.com. Learn more about this vital organ as scientists continue to make amazing discoveries about your brain.
UCDavis Center for Mind and Brain Research
Research at the Center for Mind and Brain clusters around several areas of special expertise. Learn about the types of research we conduct, our featured research projects, and our notable publications.
Forbes.com The Top Ten Brain Science And Psychology Studies Of 2013.
Putting it mildly, 2013 was an eventful year for brain science. This Top 10 list isn’t meant to be exhaustive (given how many studies are published each year, it never could be), but it’s a sturdy sampling of incredible work being conducted around the world, moving us closer to solving some extremely vexing puzzles about brains and behavior.
HuffingtonPost.com 5 Amazing Advances in Brain Research in 2014
Though the human brain is still largely a mystery to us, slowly but surely, neuroscientists are coming to a deeper understanding of how it gives rise to consciousness, thought and emotion works. According to brain scientist Gary Marcus, what we're seeing now is nothing short of a revolution in neuroscience.
American Friends of the Hebrew University Scientist map Brains of the Blind to Solve Mysteries of Human Brain Specializations
Studying the brain activity of blind people, scientists at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem are challenging the standard view of how the human brain specializes to perform different kinds of tasks and shedding new light on how our brains can adapt to the rapid cultural and technological changes of the 21st century.
Kyote University Human Brain Research Center
We are engaged in the research works on the human brain function using non-invasive techniques, such as MRI, PET, MEG, TMS and so on. Our main purpose is directed to disclose the functional localization and connectivity of the human brain, and research the physiological mechanisms of the disorders in the CNS. The most important thing in exploring the brain function we think is to base it on multiple aspects using available imaging or physiological apparatuses.
Tech Times Research Suggest Human Brain Is 30 Times As Powerful As The Best Supercomputers.
Instead of figuring out how quickly hardware can do calculations, the project measures how quickly a brain or computer is able to send messages within its respective network. This standard could become very useful in measuring the development of AI as it begins to compare with the intelligence of the human brain.
Frontiers Critical Neuroscience: The context and implications of Human Brain Research.
This Research Topic seeks to address the visions and challenges surrounding new grand-scale initiatives in neuroscience — including the EU-funded Human Brain Project and a comparable initiative planned in the U.S. — the scope and ambitions of which have been compared to the Human Genome Project. Achieving this level of acclaim and public support is a huge success for the field of human neuroscience.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Mental Health America Find Support Groups
Mental Health America (MHA) - founded in 1909 - is the nation's leading community-based nonprofit dedicated to helping Americans achieve wellness by living mentally healthier lives. Our work is driven by our commitment to promote mental health as a critical part of overall wellness, including prevention for all, early identification and intervention for those at risk, integrated health, behavioral health and other services for those who need them, and recovery as a goal.
Traumatic Brain Injury Support A place of support and understanding.
You are not alone. We are Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors, here to support you.
NeuroTalk Neuro Talk Support Groups.
A place for people to find support for neurological and brain disorders.
PsychCentral Adult Children of Mentally Ill Parents.
An online support forum and resource links for adult children of mentally ill parents. From the site: "Whether you are old or young, your parent alive or deceased, this Forum is dedicated to all those struggling families and individuals trying to make sense of the insanity of a mentally ill parent. Perhaps by sharing and exposing this typically secret disorder we can together find solutions to this often crippling and confusing condition."
Schizophrenia.com Schizophrenia Support Groups and Related Resources.
Schizophrenia and other serious brain disorders are an extreme challenge not only for the person afflicted, but for the entire family. It helps a great deal to be able to talk with other people who have, or are, going though the same things that you are - to share tips and local resources in coping, and to work together in getting the best possible treatment in your city or area. Both medical research and anecdotal evidence have revealed that a social support network is a vital part of recovery for mental health consumers.
American Psychological Association Supporting a family member with serious Mental Illness.
Mental illnesses are disorders that affect a person’s mood, thoughts or behaviors. Serious mental illnesses include a variety of diseases including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. Although they can be scary, it is important to remember that these disorders are treatable. Individuals diagnosed with these diseases can live full, rewarding lives, especially if they seek treatment as needed.
MDJunction.com People Helping People - Brain and Nervous System Support Groups.
The purpose of online Brain and Nervous System Disorder Support Groups is to bring together individuals who suffer from these types of diseases, injuries, or conditions in a “spirit of friendship and mutual trust”. In a non-threatening setting, the group typically supports everyone by addressing their own individual needs with the hopes of enhancing a better quality of life for all. This is accomplished by sharing knowledge and helpful advice, trading tips on effective ways of living and coping with a particular brain or nervous system condition, and telling of personal success stories.
DailyStrength.org Brain Injury Support Group
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage. TBI can result from a closed head injury or a penetrating head injury and is one of two subsets of acquired brain injury (ABI). The other subset is non-traumatic brain injury (i.e. stroke, meningitis, anoxia)...

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc.

ABC Science The Human Brain Quiz
Something to really get your neurons firing. Find out how much you know about your brain by taking the quiz.
Nursing Assistant Central 100 Fascinating Facts You Never Knew About The Human Brain
The human brain has amazed and baffled people throughout the ages. Some scientists and doctors have devoted their entire lives to learning how the brain works. It is no wonder that people enjoy learning facts about this incredible organ in the human body. Here will find 100 facts about the brain including how it works, how it develops, what it controls, how it affects sleep, dreams, and memory, and more, which may be helpful. When you finish reading about these fun facts, take this Short Brainpower Quiz and see how much you learned about the human brain.
Disabled World The Human Brain: Statistics and Research News
The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called synapses. Our brain gives us awareness of ourselves and of our environment, processing a constant stream of sensory data. It controls our muscle movements, the secretions of our glands, and even our breathing and internal temperature.
SouthTree.com 10 Unforgettable Statistics About Human Memory
Ever wonder how many “gigabytes” your brain could store if it were a computer? Scientists estimate that the answer would be equivalent to up to 2.5 million gigabytes of storage! That compares to the biggest hard drive to date—that is only 10,000 gigabytes. Not even a supercomputer comes slightly close to the capacity of the human brain.
Free Anatomy Quiz
Referenced from the book Clinically Oriented Anatomy, available HERE.
National Geographic Brain Quiz
Are you a Brain when it comes to the Brain? Take the quiz and find out.
Neuroscience for kids
Lobes of the Brain Puzzle Quiz.
BrainHQ The Human Brain looks kind of like a head of Cauliflower.
Some parts of the brain, including the cerebellum and brain stem, are quite primitive. They help us coordinate our movements and control basic survival functions like breathing.
And then there's the cerebrum, the biggest and most evolved part of the brain. It controls the body's conscious experiences and voluntary movements. It allows us to feel, think and create. And to receive, store and retrieve memories. In short, it makes us human.
SoftSchools.com Human Brain Facts
The brain is like a giant computer that controls our bodies and allows us to think. All of the special sensors in the body talk to the brain, and the brain sends out signals to the rest of the body. It is located inside our heads, and is powered mainly by sugar, which is made from the food you eat. The brain changes over time, and adapts to things going on in our lives. This wonderful organ is very complicated, and still puzzles scientists on how parts of it work.

8. Resources for Brain Disorders and Conditions

American Brain Tumor Association Providing and pursuing answers.
The mission of the American Brain Tumor Association is to advance the understanding and treatment of brain tumors with the goals of improving, extending and, ultimately, saving the lives of those impacted by a brain tumor diagnosis.
We do this through interactions and engagements with brain tumor patients and their families, collaborations with allied groups and organizations, and the funding of brain tumor research.
The National Institutes of Health Caregiver Resources.
Information and links to online resources for caregivers. The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center does not endorse resources produced by external organizations. This material is provided for information only.
Lotsa Helping Hands Resource Directory
At Lotsa Helping Hands, we understand the importance of support. While support comes in many forms, we’ve compiled a list of organizations and resources that serve caregivers. Leaning on others for help can be difficult, but arming yourself with knowledge is power.
We hope you find these resources supportive and helpful along the caregiving journey.
Family Caregiver Alliance National Center on Caregiving
A majority of us will be caregivers at some point in our lives. As loved ones age, debilitating disease, chronic health conditions or simple frailty can soon follow. Or we may end up caring for someone permanently injured from an accident. While some employ paid providers, most rely on unpaid assistance.
The Brain Teaching Modules
Video teaching modules for college and high school classrooms and adult learners; 32 video modules (from 5 to 20 minutes in length).
Developed from the original series The Brain, these flexible resources offer extensive footage and research into the inner workings of this amazing human organ, including findings on Alzheimer's Disease, Schizophrenia, Autism, Parkinson's Disease, and many other topics. The modules are appropriate for use in general and advanced courses in Psychology, Abnormal and Physiological Psychology, Neuropsychology, and Occupational Therapy.
Disibility Resources
Brain injuries may be traumatic (the result of damage to brain tissue caused by an external force, such as car accidents, acts of violence, falls, sports and recreational injuries) or acquired (the result of damage to the brain by strokes, tumors, diseases or other conditions).
Lumosity.com Cutting edge Neuroscience personalized for you.
A leader in the science of Brain training.
Over 400 university collaborators, top universities work with us from around the world.
American Brain Foundation We're Here to Help You with our Trusted Resources
Being diagnosed with brain disease can be overwhelming. So can sifting through countless resources from unknown sources for the right answer to your important questions. Until now.

The Heart - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Heart

LiveScience.com Human Heart: Anatomy, Function, and Facts
The human heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.
InnerBody The Heart
The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries (which provide oxygen and nutrients to body tissues by transporting the blood throughout the body). The heart is located in the thoracic cavity medial to the lungs and posterior to the sternum.
ACLS Training Center Anatomy of the Human Heart
The human heart pumps blood into the arteries that carries oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues of the body. The heart is located in the center of the chest with its apex toward the left. It is the hardest working muscle in the body as it beats non-stop. If we want to understand how the heart performs its vital role, we will first have to look at its structure, i.e., Cardiac Anatomy.
IFLScience.com This awesome video takes you on a Tour inside the Human Heart.
Have you ever wondered what the inside of a beating human heart looks like?
Well, wonder no more, as researchers have developed an impressive simulation of the human heart to model its movements.
This video shows how the heart’s valves open and close, how the ventricles and atrium throb to cause a heartbeat, and how blood flows inside the heart’s chambers.
This anatomically accurate model can be used to help further our knowledge of how the heart works and potentially enable scientists to find treatments for diseases and defects of the heart.
American Heart Association
The American Heart Association publishes a standard for providing basic and advanced life support, including standards for proper performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The AHA offers the most widely accepted certification for basic life support (BLS). The AHA is now also a provider of training for first aid, in addition to CPR. The AHA also operates an affiliated organization, the American Stroke Association, which states they focus on "care, research and prevention of strokes.
Heart Foundation
The Heart Foundation is a charity dedicated to fighting the single biggest killer of Australians – heart disease. For over 50 years, we’ve led the battle to save lives and improve the heart health of all Australians. Our sights are set on a world where people don’t suffer or die prematurely because of heart disease.

2. Heart Diseases

Heart Disease
Heart Disease is a general term that means that the heart is not working normally. Babies can be born with heart disease. This is called Congenital Heart Disease. If people get heart disease later, it is called Acquired Heart Disease. Most heart disease is acquired.
HealthLine What Do You Want To Know About Heart Disease?
Heart disease (also known as Cardiovascular Disease) is the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This broad term encompasses a wide range of cardiovascular problems, including:
~ Coronary Artery Disease
~ Heart Rhythm Abnormalities (Arrhythmia)
~ Hardening of The Arteries (Atherosclerosis)
~ Heart Infections
~ Congenital Heart Defects
Heart attacks, strokes, and other complications can arise when blood vessels become blocked or narrowed. While heart disease can be deadly, it’s also preventable in most people. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits early, you can potentially live longer with a healthier heart.
World Heart Federation Each year 17.3 million people die of cardiovascular disease, 80% in the developing world.
The World Heart Federation exists to prevent and control these diseases through awareness campaigns and action, promoting the exchange of information, ideas and science among those involved in cardiovascular care, advocating for disease prevention and control by promoting healthy diets, physical activity and tobacco free living at an individual, community and policy maker level.
Every Day Health Surprising Physical Signs Of Heart Disease.
Many people associate heart disease with obvious symptoms like chest pain. But there are some not-so-obvious connections, like swollen feet or bleeding gums, that should also merit a heart check from your doctor.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute What are the Signs and Symptoms of Heart Disease
The signs and symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD) may differ between women and men. Some women who have CHD have no signs or symptoms. This is called silent CHD.
Heart and Stroke Foundation Valve Disorders
There are several different kinds of valve disorders, and each of them can be classified as mild, moderate or severe. Untreated, they may lead to dizzy spells, shortness of breath, faintness, irregular pulse or serious complications. Fortunately, many valve disorders are treatable with medication, surgery or other medical techniques. Read more about how rheumatic heart disease can damage heart valves or cause them to function improperly.
ScienceDaily.com Ischaemic Heart Disease
Ischaemic (or ischemic) heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. It is the most common cause of death in most western countries. Ischaemia means a "reduced blood supply".
The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle and no alternative blood supply exists, so a blockage in the coronary arteries reduces the supply of blood to heart muscle.
eMedtv.com Health Information Brought to Life
Over 50 different heart diseases affect the heart and/or the blood vessel system within it -- the most common is coronary artery disease. Congenital diseases are ones people are born with; other diseases develop over time. All of these conditions can affect arteries, veins, and the heart's electrical system, as well as areas of the heart, such as the chambers, valves, lining, and the heart muscle itself.
Heart Disease and Stroke What is Heart Disease and Stroke?
Heart disease and stroke are cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) diseases.
Heart disease includes several types of heart conditions. The most common type in the United States is coronary heart disease (also known as - coronary artery disease), which is narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. This can cause:
- Chest pain
- Heart attack (when blood flow to the heart becomes blocked and a section of the heart muscle is damaged or dies)
- Heart failure (when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs)
- Arrhythmia (when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly)
A stroke, sometimes called a brain attack, can occur when a clot blocks the blood supply to part of the brain. Stroke can also occur when a blood vessel in or around the brain bursts. In either case, parts of the brain become damaged or die. Stroke can cause disability (such as paralysis, muscle weakness, trouble speaking, memory loss) or death.
Million Hearts Cost and Consequences
Heart disease and stroke can be fatal, but they can also lead to serious illness, disability, and lower quality of life. Suffering a stroke may lead to significant disability, such as paralysis, speech difficulties, and emotional problems. Following a heart attack, individuals frequently suffer fatigue and depression, and they may find it more difficult to engage in physical activities.
MedicineNet.com We bring Doctors knowledge to you
A picture guide to Coronary Artery Disease, 22 Slideshow Pictures.
See My Heart American Society of Echocardiography
Aortic Dissection: The Aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygen-rich blood from the left heart to the entire body. It is curved like a candy cane and is divided in three segments: the ascending aorta (the initial, upwardly directed part) from which the blood vessels to the heart arise, the arch which gives out the blood vessels to the head and upper arms, and the descending aorta to all other blood vessels in the rest of the body. The wall of the aorta has three layers of tissue, and is made to withstand the pressure build-up as blood travels from the left heart to the various blood vessels.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Heart

Heart Foundation Heart Conditions List
We have provided in excess of $50 million for heart research, to enable young cardiologists and researchers to carry out research and undertake training.
SADS Foundation Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome
Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes (SADS) are genetic heart conditions that can cause sudden death in young, apparently healthy, people. These conditions can be treated and deaths can be prevented.
Heart Rhythm Disorders Heart Diseases and Disorders
Millions of people experience irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias, at some point in their lives. Most of the time, they are harmless and happen in healthy people free of heart disease. However, some abnormal heart rhythms can be serious or even deadly. Having other types of heart disease can also increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Heart and Stroke Foundation Heart Disease Conditions
Heart disease describes many heart conditions. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common of these conditions and occurs when blood vessels in your heart become blocked or narrowed, preventing oxygen-rich blood from reaching your heart. It can cause chest pain (called angina) or even a heart attack.
UCSF Medical Center Genetic Heart Disorders
Heart disease is often a family matter. There are certain features of a family history that may be signs of a genetic heart disorder. Some of these include:
- Sudden cardiac death, unexplained death at a young age, or death by an unexplained accident or drowning.
- Heart failure at a young age (under 50). Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, difficulty with exercise and "asthma" that doesn't improve with an inhaler.
- Palpitations or an abnormal heart rhythm at a young age.
- Fainting, black-outs, or seizures that couldn't be treated with typical seizure medications.
- More than one relative with the same type of heart disease.
British Heart Foundation Heart Conditions
There are many different heart conditions and problems. Together, we call them heart disease. It can be confusing and scary to be diagnosed with a heart condition, especially if you’ve never heard of it before.
MedicineNet.com Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery
According to the American Heart Association, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries are among the most commonly performed major operations. CABG surgery is advised for selected groups of patients with significant narrowings and blockages of the heart arteries (coronary artery disease). CABG surgery creates new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

4. Human Heart Organizations, Associations, and Foundations

American Heart Association Life Is Why
Our mission is to build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. That single purpose drives all we do. The need for our work is beyond question.
Go Red For Women Stay well, stay healthy, with an annual Well-Woman Visit
One of the best weapons against heart disease is to get to it before it gets to you. Early detection can make all the difference in a successful battle against the No. 1 killer of women. Here at Go Red For Women, we encourage women to take the initiative in your own personal heart disease battle so you won’t become a surprised victim later.
American Stroke Association Together to end Stroke
Our mission is to build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. That single purpose drives all we do. The need for our work is beyond question.
Adult Congenital Heart Association Your Heart. Your Life. Your Future.
The mission of the Adult Congenital Heart Association (ACHA) is to improve and extend the lives of the millions born with heart defects through education, advocacy and the promotion of research.
Pediatric Congenital Heart Association #1 cause of birth deaths
The Pediatric Congenital Heart Association’s mission is to “Conquer Congenital Heart Disease.” We are founded on the key purpose to be the resounding voice of the pediatric patient population. PCHA works passionately through collaboration in advocacy, education and research to reduce the impact of Congenital Heart Disease while striving to realize a world free from it.
The Heart Foundation Heart Disease Facts
Heart disease is the number one cause of death for both men and women in the United States. It is an equal opportunity killer which claims approximately 1 million lives annually.
WomenHeart.org The National Coalition for women with Heart Disease
WomenHeart's mission is to improve the health and quality of life of women living with or at risk of heart disease, and to advocate for their benefit.
Mended Hearts Heart Disease Ends With Me
Our mission is dedicated to “Inspiring hope and improving the quality of life for heart patients and their families through ongoing peer-to-peer support”.

5. Heart Research

The Scripps Research Institute Freedom to Discover
The Scripps Research Institute undertakes basic biomedical research, primarily in laboratory settings, to learn how the human body operates on all levels. Our discoveries are often licensed to biotechnology or pharmaceutical firms for further development toward a drug or treatment. As a nonprofit biomedical research institute, we do not see patients and rarely conduct clinical trials.
Science Daily Your source for the latest Research News
Researchers discover endogenous process that controls reproduction of cardiac muscle cells and may lead to new treatments for heart attacks and cancer.
Nature.com Tissue Engineering: How to build a New Heart
With thousands of people in need of heart transplants, researchers are trying to grow new organs.
National Institutes of Health Stem Cell Information: Can Stem Cells repair a damaged Heart?
Heart attacks and congestive heart failure remain among the Nation's most prominent health challenges despite many breakthroughs in cardiovascular medicine. In fact, despite successful approaches to prevent or limit cardiovascular disease, the restoration of function to the damaged heart remains a formidable challenge. Recent research is providing early evidence that adult and embryonic stem cells may be able to replace damaged heart muscle cells and establish new blood vessels to supply them.
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Discoveries that make a difference.
Founded in 1946, the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation is one of the nation’s oldest and most respected nonprofit biomedical research institutes. Located in Oklahoma City, OMRF fosters a worldwide reputation for excellence by following an innovative cross-disciplinary approach to medical research.
International Society for Heart Research
Our mission is to promote the discovery and dissemination of knowledge in the cardiovascular sciences on a world-wide basis through publications, congresses and other media. Our goals are:
1. To promote the exchange of ideas on a world-wide basis between scientists and clinicians interested in all aspects of cardiovascular biology and medicine.
2. To promote discovery and dissemination of knowledge in all areas of cardiovascular biology and medicine.
3. To organize and support national and international congresses devoted to all aspects of cardiovascular research.
4. To provide an international forum for discussion of problems and controversies at the cutting edge of cardiovascular research.
5. To publish a world class journal devoted to advances in cardiovascular research.
Emory+Children's Pediatric Research Center Children's Heart Research and Outcomes Center (HERO).
The Emory+Children’s Heart Research and Outcomes Center (HeRO) seeks to reduce the morbidity of pediatric heart disease. As our ability to detect and repair congenital heart defects has improved over the years, these patients now require long-term solutions to improve cardiac function. Additionally, multiple surgeries on children also has neurological repercussions, and studies are needed for this as well.
Emory University Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute
The mission of the Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute (ECCRI) is to better understand the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and to develop new approaches to the manipulation of cardiovascular function and the treatment of disease.
Nutritional Research Foundation Exploring the power of Nutritional Science.
The Nutritional Research Foundation is a non-profit organization designed to support, encourage, and promote clinical research to evaluate the impact of a high nutrient dense diet and related nutritional interventions on chronic diseases such as autoimmune illnesses, diabetes, heart disease and cancer.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Support Network You Are Not Alone
Improve your life and the lives of others when you join the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association Support Network. Share your experiences, give and get emotional support. If you are the caregiver, there are others just like you who can help.
Heart Failure Matters Support Groups
A support group is attended by people who have heart failure, like you, and provides people with a place to share their experiences with each other. Often these groups will have educational sessions, as well as general discussions about the ways you can help to manage your heart failure, such as diet and exercise.
CardioSmart American College of Cardiology: Connect with a patient or Caregiver like you.
As part of the CardioSmart Initiative, the American College of Cardiology has partnered with Mended Hearts to expand a network of cardiovascular patient support and care. Mended Hearts is a peer support organization made up of patients, families and caregivers that have in some way been impacted by cardiovascular disease.
WomenHeart.org The National Coalition for women with Heart Disease
WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease offers a range of support services to help women heart disease survivors live healthier lives. WomenHeart understands the fear and isolation that often comes with a diagnosis of heart disease.
MultiCare.org Support and Resources for Heart Patient Families
A family living with congenital heart disease does not travel on this journey alone. There are so many others, including friends, co-workers and loved ones, who are ready to give the extra help that these families need. A Family Support Team lets your family focus on your child when he or she is in the hospital or in recovery. By creating a Family Support Team before your child enters the hospital, you will be better able to prepare for the stay away from home.
Little Hearts Providing hope with your support
Little Hearts, Inc. is a national organization providing support, education, resources, networking, and hope to families affected by congenital heart defects. Membership consists of families nationwide who have or are expecting a child with a congenital heart defect. Our mission is to offer support, education, and hope to families affected by congenital heart defects through our support services, and to promote public awareness for this #1 birth defect.
Caring.com Join a Support Group for Heart Disease Caregivers near you.
A support group is a great way to connect with other heart disease caregivers. Unlike your family and friends, these folks may be able to offer you more objective advice based on their own experiences. You can bounce ideas off the group, ask for suggestions, or just vent about what's bothering you. And if you find yourself connecting with another caregiver, you can strike up a friendship outside the group.
Healthline.com Get support for Heart Disease.
Being diagnosed with or being at risk for heart disease is scary. But don’t lose hope. There are resources to help you through it and a community of survivors who want to share their stories and lend their support. Learn about the many heart disease organizations out there and get involved. Not only will you be educating yourself, but your experience can help others, too.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

MedicineNet.com Smoking and Heart Disease related Pictures and Quizzes.
This collection of slideshows, quizzes, and images is intended to help you learn and test your knowledge of Smoking and Heart Disease and related conditions.
Women's Heart Foundation Alcohol and Heart Disease
Most people don't think of alcohol as a drug...but it is. Alcohol abuse has destroyed more lives, broken apart more families, caused more diseases and contributed to more auto fatalities than any other drug. It is the major contributing factor in the growing epidemic of domestic violence.
More than half of all adults drink, but, not everyone who drinks is an alcoholic. Alcholism is a complex psychosocial disease. Those who drink risk becoming an alcoholic. It impairs your judgement and affects the way you think, feel and communicate.
Do you wonder if drinking may be a problem for you? Take the quiz and find out.
Science Kids Fun Science and Technology for kids; Human Heart Facts
Enjoy these fun heart facts for kids and learn some interesting new facts and information about how the amazing human heart works.
MedIndia.net Test your knowledge on The Heart
The heart is a fist-sized organ that never ceases to pump blood during its lifetime. The efficiency of the heart is reflected in its functions.
Take the quiz to understand the dynamics of the heart.
Heart & Stroke Foundation Test Your Sweet Smarts
How much do you know about sugar and your health? Even if you pass on desserts and take your coffee black, you’re still probably eating more sugar than you think.
Could sugar be sabotaging your health? Take our quiz to check your knowledge and get the facts about sugar.
American Heart Association Heart and Stroke Statistics
Each year, the American Heart Association, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health and other government agencies, compiles up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke and other vascular diseases in the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update.
HealthEssentials 21 Amazing Facts About Your Heart (Infographic).
Your heart. You probably don’t think about it often, yet it continues to pump with its faithful, steady beat, carrying blood to all your organs.
Find fun amazing facts about your ticker.
PBS.org Amazing Heart Facts
Sure, you know how to steal hearts, win hearts, and break hearts. But how much do you really know about your heart and how it works? Read on to your heart's content!
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Heart Disease, Facts, and Statistics
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. People of all ages and backgrounds can get the condition.
MedicineNet.com Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery Facts.
According to the American Heart Association, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries are among the most commonly performed major operations. CABG surgery is advised for selected groups of patients with significant narrowings and blockages of the heart arteries (Coronary Artery Disease). CABG surgery creates new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

8. Resources for Heart Issues

American Heart Association Heart Failure Resource Center
Tools and Resources to help you rise above Heart Failure.
Although it can be difficult to live with a chronic condition like heart failure, many people can and do learn to manage the symptoms and live full and enjoyable lives.
American Heart Association Heart Attack Tools and Resources.
Some heart attacks are sudden and intense. But most start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort.
WebMD Heart Disease Resources
Information, Links, Quizzes, Videos, Slideshows, and more.
Mended Hearts Web Resources
Our mission is dedicated to “Inspiring hope and improving the quality of life for heart patients and their families through ongoing peer-to-peer support”.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Library of Resources for Heart Disease
The AHRQ Library of Resources for Heart Disease offers important research updates and educational information to help with the management of diseases and conditions.
Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF) Cardiovascular/Heart Disease Prevention Resources
These resources are to help you understand screenings that are recommended for you and when, and to help you understand the benefits, and any risks, of regular cardiac screening.
The Childrens Heart Foundation Saving Childrens Lives, one heart at a time.
If your child or someone you love has recently been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect (CHD) we are here to help.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart and Vascular Resources
Here you will find resources on heart and vascular conditions. These resources will help keep you informed on the best practices to treat and manage your patients? care. Included are materials that can be shared with your patients and their families as a valuable tool to help answer some of their questions on heart and vascular conditions.
The Heart Truth Resource Links
For information on heart disease, risk factors and how to take action toward having a healthy heart, please visit the Web links listed here.
Public Health Heart Disease Resources
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, so it naturally occupies a spot as one of the most pressing public health concerns. Yet at the same time, deaths associated with the disease have declined dramatically over the last decades, raising the hope that further improvements in heart health are on the horizon.
HeartFailure.org Resources and References
This website was founded over 10 years ago with the goal of creating and communicating heart failure information to patients and their families. We strive to develop content that is easily understood while still comprehensively covering all important aspects of heart failure.
Renown.org Heart Resources, Early Heart Attack Care
More than 50 percent of heart attack patients experience early warning signs of heart attack. If recognized in time, the heart attack can be prevented with early treatment before the heart sustains any damage.
PBS.org Resources for a Healthy Heart
To help you TAKE ONE STEP to better Heart Health, several types of resources are provided.
Prairie Heart Institute Healthy Heart Resources, Reduce Your Risk.
A healthy heart is essential to feeling good and leading a productive life. Whether you have been diagnosed with heart disease, or simply want to minimize the risk of heart problems in your future, you can take positive steps to reduce your risk.
PedHeart Resource
The Comprehensive Guide to Congenital Heart Disease.
Ironheart Foundation Your Cardiac Resources
Are you ready to get Heart Smart?
Get online and you'll find more on heart disease than you'll ever be able to read. Sometimes information can be overwhelming. Well, we've attempted to make it a little easier for you and have provided some of the best materials out there in one place.

The Lungs - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Lungs

HealthLine.com The Lungs
The cone-shaped lungs are sponge-like organs that fill the chest cavity and make up most of the lower respiratory tract. Their most important job is providing oxygen to capillaries so they can oxygenate blood.
Each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung has three, but the left lung has only two, thus allowing room to accommodate the heart.
Together, the lungs tissue surface is almost 40 times greater than the body’s outer surface, making the lungs (together) one of the largest organs in the body.
American Lung Association Why are Lungs important?
Every cell in your body needs oxygen in order to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled. Your lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange.
SoftSchools.com Lungs Facts
There are some things your body must do in order to live - your heart must pump blood, your brain must keep everything balanced and functioning in your body, and your lungs must allow you to breathe air! Your lungs have to work to bring oxygen to the rest of your body, while getting rid of certain poisons (carbon dioxide) that are produced by your cells. Let's take a look at one of the largest organs in your body - the lungs!
Science Kids Fun Lung Facts.
Check out these fun lung facts for kids. Learn more about the amazing organs that allow us to breathe in the oxygen we need to live as well as breathe out the waste product carbon dioxide. Read on and enjoy all the interesting facts about lungs.
The Lung Association Breathing
Breathing is something that we all do without usually realizing it. We breathe in and out about 22,000 times a day.
We are powered by breathing. Our lungs fuel us with oxygen, our body's life-sustaining gas. Our lungs breathe in air, then remove the oxygen and pass it through our bloodstream, where it's carried off to the tissues and organs that allow us to walk, talk, and move.
Our lungs also take carbon dioxide from our blood and released it into the air when we breathe out.
Healthy Lungs For Life Take the Active Option
Healthy Lungs for Life is one of the largest ever lung health campaigns, raising awareness of the importance of healthy lungs to healthcare professionals, scientists, primary care, patients, policy makers and the public through a full range of events, projects and promotional activities.
National Geographic The Breath of Life
Our lungs fuel us with oxygen, the body's life-sustaining gas. They breathe in air, then extract the oxygen and pass it into the bloodstream, where it's rushed off to the tissues and organs that require it to function.
InnerBody The Lungs
The human lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs optimized for gas exchange between our blood and the air. Our bodies require oxygen in order to survive. The lungs provide us with that vital oxygen while also removing carbon dioxide before it can reach hazardous levels.
The Lungs and Respiratory Tract Lungs Overview, Function, and how we breathe.
The lungs are found in the chest on the right and left side. At the front they extend from just above the collarbone (clavicle) at the top of the chest to about the sixth rib down. At the back of the chest the lungs finish around the tenth rib. The protective linings which cover the lungs (pleura) continue down to the twelfth rib. From front to back the lungs fill the rib cage but are separated by the heart, which lies in between them.

2. Lung Diseases

Mayo Clinic Interstitial Lung Disease
Interstitial (in-tur-STISH-ul) lung disease describes a large group of disorders characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue between and supporting the air sacs. The scarring associated with interstitial lung disease may cause progressive lung stiffness, eventually affecting your ability to breathe and get enough oxygen into your bloodstream.
The Lung Association Lung Disease A - Z
Choose the first letter of the disease you are looking for or View All.
MedlinePlus Lung Diseases: Summary
When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen from the air and deliver it to the bloodstream. The cells in your body need oxygen to work and grow. During a normal day, you breathe nearly 25,000 times. People with lung disease have difficulty breathing. Millions of people in the U.S. have lung disease. If all types of lung disease are lumped together, it is the number three killer in the United States.
WebMD Lung Diseases Overview
Lung Diseases are some of the most common medical conditions in the world. Tens of millions of people suffer from lung disease in the U.S. Smoking, infections, and genetics are responsible for most lung diseases.
Lab Test Online Empower Your Health. Understand Your Test
Lung diseases are conditions in which some function of the lung is adversely affected. Problems with the tiny air sacs (alveoli) may hamper the efficient uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. Blockages in branches of the bronchial tree or conditions that inhibit chest muscle expansion or contraction may interfere with the delivery of air through the bronchial tree to the alveoli. Sometimes the problem is the inability of the lung to remove or detoxify foreign substances, possibly because of an underlying deficiency or because the amount of these substances has overwhelmed the lungs' defense systems.
Rare Disease Network Rare Lung Disease Consortium
The Rare Lung Disease Consortium (RLDC) is a network of physicians and patients working to accelerate clinical research and improve medical care for individuals with Rare Lung Diseases.
WomensHealth.gov ePublications
Lung Disease Fact Sheet.
Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
Most lung cancers do not cause any symptoms until they have spread too far to be cured, but symptoms do occur in some people with early lung cancer. If you go to your doctor when you first notice symptoms, your cancer might be diagnosed at an earlier stage, when treatment is more likely to be effective.
Medical News Today Lung Diseases Leading Cause Of Death, Most People Don't Know.
Despite lung disease killing 4 million people every year, the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) revealed alarming data showing that most people are ignorant about lung disease, which kills more people than any other disease worldwide.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Lungs

Health After 50 Lung Disorders Health Alert
Respiratory disorders serious enough to cause long-term breathing problems are common in the United States and will no doubt become more prevalent as the population gets older. Almost 400,000 Americans die of lung diseases every year, and over 35 million are now living with chronic lung disease.
Children's Health Congenital Lung Disorders
Congenital lung disorders, also known as cystic lung disease or congenital lung malformations, occur while a baby is still in its mother's womb. Most congenital lung disorders are discovered during prenatal ultrasounds. About 10 percent of congenital lung disorders are diagnosed at birth, while another 14 percent show up by age 15.
American Lung Association Health effects from smoking and the use of other tobacco products.
Smoking and the use of other tobacco products, including cigars and smokeless tobacco, causes or worsens numerous diseases and conditions. Some products also expose nearby people to toxic secondhand smoke.
Find out more on the health effects of smoking, secondhand smoke, other tobacco products and marijuana.
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking® program helps adult smokers quit cigarettes for good through proven skills and techniques.
HealthLine.com Lung Development and Infant Breathing Disorders.
The lungs are one of the last organs of the body to develop during the prenatal stage. Some critical features of the lungs don’t develop until near the end of pregnancy. For example, surfactant, which helps reduce surface tension in the lungs, does not develop until the eighth or ninth month of pregnancy. When an infant is born prematurely, the lungs may not have time to fully develop. This can lead to a variety of immediate breathing disorders.
Marijuana and Lung Health From the American Lung Association
The American Lung Association is concerned about the health impacts of marijuana use, especially on lung health. We caution the public against smoking marijuana because of the risks it poses to lung health.
Scientists are researching marijuana, and the American Lung Association encourages continued research into the health effects of marijuana use, especially on lung health.
New Health Guide Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory disorders refer to the pathological conditions that disturb the function of organs and tissues that are responsible for the gas exchange in higher organisms. They usually affect alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pleura and pleural cavity and upper respiratory tract. Respiratory disorders can be a mild malady like asthma, or fatal diseases like lung cancer, pulmonary embolism and bacterial pneumonia. Below we look at some of the common respiratory disorders.
Right Diagnosis What are Lung Conditions?
Conditions, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments, Causes, Types, Prognosis, Test, and more.
MesotheliomaGuide Restoring Hope for Mesothelioma Patients
At Mesothelioma Guide, we are proud of how many mesothelioma patients we have been able to help over the years.
Patients and their family members from all over the country, and sometimes farther, have contacted us for help.
Our patient advocates have helped assist mesothelioma patients with everything from finding a doctor to filing a claim for compensation.
Mesothelioma Veterans Center - Mesothelioma and Veterans

4. Lung Organizations, Associations, and Foundations

Lung Force American Lung Association
Lung cancer is the #1 cancer killer of both women and men in the U.S., and every five minutes a woman in this country learns she has lung cancer. LUNG FORCE, led by the American Lung Association, unites women and their loved ones across the country to stand together against lung cancer.
American Lung Association Mission Impact and History
For more than 110 years, the American Lung Association has been America's leading force for lung health—successfully tapping into America's spirit of community that inspires us to work together for better health and longer life for all.
In 1904 it was a revolutionary concept—a nationwide organization to fight a single disease. Tuberculosis (TB) was the most feared disease in the world, striking down the young and old, the rich and poor, Read More.
Lung Cancer Foundation of America (LCFA) List of National Lung Cancer Organizations.
LCFA’s mission is the dramatic improvement in survivorship of lung cancer patients through the funding of transformative science, with the ultimate goal of curing the disease. To accomplish this, LCFA will work to raise both the funds and the national profile of lung cancer in order to substantially increase support of innovative and groundbreaking research efforts.
International Association for the study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)
Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer of both men and women. Lung cancer is responsible for more cancer-related deaths than breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined.
Lung cancer is a term used to describe a growth of abnormal cells inside the lung. These cells divide and grow at a much quicker rate than normal cells. The cancerous cells stick together to form a cluster and this abnormal cluster of cells is called a tumor.
Patient Access Network Foundation Patient Access Network Foundation and American Lung Association Announce New Alliance to Provide Holistic Support for Patients
Washington, D.C. (July 15, 2015) – The Patient Access Network (PAN) Foundation and the American Lung Association today announced that they are aligning forces to provide comprehensive support for people living with asthma, non-small cell lung cancer and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The alliance will enable the organizations to leverage the PAN Foundation's lung disease-related financial assistance programs and the American Lung Association’s patient education tools to ensure patients have access to the full range of resources they need to best manage the three lung conditions, which collectively affect millions of Americans each year.
American Association for Respiratory Care
The American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) is the leading national and international professional association for respiratory care. The AARC encourages and promotes professional excellence, advances the science and practice of respiratory care, and serves as an advocate for patients and their families, the public, the profession and the respiratory therapist.
COPD Foundation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis.
The COPD Foundation’s mission is to prevent and cure Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and to improve the lives of all people affected by COPD.
Lung Transplant Foundation Bringing life into Lung Transplant Research
The national Lung Transplant Foundation’s mission is to promote and advance research in order to improve long-term outcomes among lung transplant recipients and to educate and promote awareness about organ donation.
LUNGevity Find it. Treat it. Live.
LUNGevity invests in the most promising lung cancer research from across the country to improve the survival rate, which is currently at only 17% at 5 years after diagnosis. Better diagnostics to find the cancer early and more effective treatments not only will help more people survive, but will enable them to live well with lung cancer.
The Lam Foundation A Breath of Hope
The LAM Foundation Story
In 1994, Sue Byrnes' 22-year-old daughter, Andrea, was diagnosed with a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, better known as LAM. LAM affects almost exclusively women and strikes in the prime of their lives, as they begin their careers and start families. Sue immediately turned to medical literature for information and answers about the mysterious disease that had stricken her daughter and found practically nothing - no studies of LAM, no resources, no support groups and, basically, no hope. And so began her new life mission.
Read the rest of the story.
Chest Foundation Chest Foundation announces collaboration with the American Lung Association
CHEST is the global leader in advancing best patient outcomes through innovative chest medicine education, clinical research, and team-based care. Its mission is to champion the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chest diseases through education, communication, and research. CHEST serves as an essential connection to clinical knowledge and resources for its 18,700 members from around the world who provide patient care in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine.
For more information about CHEST, visit Chestnet.org.

5. Lung Research

Lung Cancer Research Foundation Breathing Life Into Research
The Lung Cancer Research Foundation is a nonprofit organization focused solely on supporting lung cancer research. Our mission is to improve and save lives by funding groundbreaking research for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cure of lung cancer.
The Common Good People Powering Medical Discoveries
In a world first, a team at The Prince Charles Hospital is using a machine that revives donor lungs for transplant to help uncover the chemical differences between successfully transplanted lungs and those that fail.
Temple University Health System Temple Lung Center
Center for Research on Lung Disease - Clinical Trials
The Temple Lung Center is one of the most active pulmonary research centers in the country. We are continuously investigating new approaches to common and serious diseases.
Cancer.Net Lung Cancer-Non-Small Cell: Latest Research
Doctors are working to learn more about NSCLC, ways to prevent it, how to best treat it, and how to provide the best care to people diagnosed with this disease. Here are some areas of research that may include new options for patients through clinical trials. Always talk with your doctor about the diagnostic and treatment options best for you.
Brigham and Women's Hospital Lung Research Center
The mission of the newly formed Lung Research Center at the BRI is to highlight the exciting current research activities of lung researchers at BWH and to encourage future advances in our understanding of lung biology and disease.
American Cancer Society Lung Cancer Research
The American Cancer Society has a long history of finding answers to critical questions about lung cancer – what causes it; how can it be prevented, detected, and treated successfully; and how lung cancer patients’ quality of life can be improved. These efforts have helped reduce lung cancer death rates in men by 36% over the past two decades and in women by 11% since 2002.
Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative medicine has the potential to provide innovative new therapies for people with lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and bronchiolitis obliterans.
In their end stages, these diseases are today treated with medications or lung transplants, though there is an ongoing shortage of donor lungs that are acceptable for transplantation.
The University of Arizona Arizona Respiratory Center
The Arizona Respiratory Center is an interdisciplinary Center of Excellence at the University Of Arizona College Of Medicine dedicated to research, clinical care, medical education, and community service in the areas of adult and pediatric pulmonary medicine.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Cancer Hope Network
To provide one-on-one support to people undergoing treatment for cancer and to their families. We provide this support by training individuals who have recovered from cancer and matching them with cancer patients currently undergoing a similar experience. Through this matching process, we strive to instill hope and to make a difference in their fight against cancer.
Better Breathers Club American Lung Association
The American Lung Association is leading the way in helping all Americans breathe easier. Thanks to our donors, volunteers, program and event participants, and staff, we are America’s trusted source for lung health education, lung disease research, support, programs, services and advocacy.
National Jewish Health Science Transforming Life
When you’ve been diagnosed with a serious illness, it can be helpful to talk with friends and family members. Sometimes it is beneficial to talk with people who have the same health issue. Support groups offer you time to meet and talk with other people with the same disease, to receive educational information and to learn about other resources that may help you.
WhyQuit.com Motivation, Education, and Support for Cold Turkey Nicotine Cessation
Lung Cancer & Lung Disease Support Groups.
World and National Cancer, Lung Disease, and Circulatory Organizations.
Over 200 Stop Smoking Videos.
Read Free Quitting eBooks
Learn more about Smart Turkey Quitting.
Daily Strength Online Support Groups A-Z
Free anonymous support from people just like you.
Inova.org Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program. Support Groups and Education
Inova is pleased to offer a variety of support and education groups free of charge for patients who are considering a transplant or who live with a transplant or other serious lung condition.
Drugs.com Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Support Group
Join the 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease' group to help and get support from people like you.
CancerCare.org Lung Cancer Caregiver Support Group
This 15 week online support group is for people with a loved one who has been diagnosed with lung cancer. In this group led by an oncology social worker, caregivers provide support to each other and share resources and information.
To join this group, you will need to complete our online registration process. After joining this password-protected group, you can read and post messages 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
UpToDate Nutritional Support in Advanced Lung Disease
UpToDate is an evidence-based, physician-authored clinical decision support resource which clinicians trust to make the right point-of-care decisions. More than 6,000 world-renowned physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers use a rigorous editorial process to synthesize the most recent medical information into trusted, evidence-based recommendations that are proven to improve patient care and quality. More than 1 million clinicians in 174 countries and almost 90% of academic medical centers in the United States rely on UpToDate to provide the best care.
American Lung Association Join The American Lung Association's Free Support Communities on Inspire.com
The Lung Association is proud to support several free online communities on Inspire.com for people facing lung disease. These free online communities offer peer-to-peer support so you can connect with people who are in your shoes. You can start or respond to threads on the communities, upload photos and search for specific topics to find other members who share the same interests.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

How Lungs Work The Respiratory System
Your lungs are part of the respiratory system, a group of organs and tissues that work together to help you breathe. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
LiveScience.com Lung Facts, Function, and Diseases.
Lungs are sacks of tissue located just below the rib cage and above the diaphragm. They are an important part of the Respiratory System and waste management for the body.
SoftSchools.com Lungs Facts
There are some things your body must do in order to live - your heart must pump blood, your brain must keep everything balanced and functioning in your body, and your lungs must allow you to breathe air! Your lungs have to work to bring oxygen to the rest of your body, while getting rid of certain poisons (carbon dioxide) that are produced by your cells. Let's take a look at one of the largest organs in your body - the lungs.
Lung Institute What You Never Knew About Breathing: Fun Facts
Breathing is one of the most universal and habitual practices that humans do. Most of the time, we don’t even think about it. Our lungs allow us to breathe in air and provide much needed oxygen to the rest of the body. This is an amazing process that keeps us going every day! But chances are you haven’t heard of some of these breathing facts.
Kids Fun Facts Fun Facts on Lungs for Kids
Discover fast, interesting fun facts and amazing, quick information about the human lungs. What are lungs? Where are they situated? How big are they? What do they look like? What is Asthma? Discover the answers with our fun facts for kids facts file and facts sheets.
Encyclopedia.com A very detailed description of the Lungs and their functions.
Our knowledge of the structure and func-tion of the lungs has depended on two major technological advances over the past three centuries: the light microscope and, later, the electron microscope.
WhatTheFact 10 Amazing, Fun and Interesting Facts About The Lungs
Breathing is usual and habitual, most of us don’t even think about it. Many people breath dysfunctional or ineffectually. Low breathing, to hold down the breath, breathing from mouth, excess-breathing and more can result in many diverse health issues. Civilizing breathing patterns can raise oxygen to the tissues, lower stress levels and help out you to relax and focus healthier. Our lungs allow us to breathe air! our lungs put effort to bring oxygen to the rest of our body, while getting clear of definite poisons (carbon dioxide) that are formed by our cells. Here are some bizarre but factual & interesting facts about lungs.
Cancer Statistics SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Lung and Bronchus Cancer
The statistics presented in this factsheet are based on the most recent data available, most of which can be found in the SEER Cancer Statistics Review. In some cases, different year spans may be used. Estimates for the current year are based on past data.
Cancer is a complex topic. There is a wide range of information available. This factsheet does not address causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up care, or decision making, although it provides links to information in many of these areas.
About Health Lung Cancer Statistics
Lung Cancer statistics are alarming, especially when viewed in relation to the amount of funding dedicated to lung cancer relative to other cancers. Lung cancer is currently responsible for 29% of cancer deaths in the United States, responsible for more deaths than breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer combined.
MedicineNet.com Smoking and Heart Disease Related Pictures and Quizzes.
This collection of slideshows, quizzes, and images is intended to help you learn and test your knowledge of Smoking and Heart Disease and related conditions.
Healthy Lungs for Life Are you up-to-date on the latest statistics and research on air quality and lung health?
Test your knowledge of the latest statistics on the impact of air quality on lung health with the Healthy Lungs for Life quiz.
Lung Infections What Are The Symptoms And Treatment Of Lung Infections?
When there is any kind of infection in the lower respiratory track or in the lungs like bronchitis or pneumonia then it is called lung infection. Without taking in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide you cannot survive. This work is done by your lungs. Because of lung infection you may not be able to breathe in and out properly.
How Stuff works How savvy are you about smoking?
The answers to our 20-question quiz may surprise you. Learn interesting facts about smoking and your health.

8. Resources for Lung Disorders and Conditions

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Diseases and Conditions
Here you will find resources on lung diseases and conditions. These resources will help keep you informed on the best practices to treat and manage your patients' care. Included are materials that can be shared with your patients and their families as a valuable tool to help answer some of their questions on lung diseases and conditions.
MedlinePlus Lung Disease - Resources
A list of Organizations that are good Resources for information on Lung Disease.
Patient Assistance Now Lung Disease Resources
These resources and tools are designed to help you learn more about lung disease.
COPD Foundation Organizations and Resources
A compilation of external links to organizations and resources where you may be able to find additional information.
HealthFinder.gov Lung Disorders
A government website where you will find information and tools to help you and those you care about stay healthy.
Lung Cancer Alliance More Resources
Each month, we respond to hundreds of calls and e-mails from patients and their loved ones seeking support and other resources.
In addition to the services we offer, we refer to these organizations and information sources.
CancerCare.org Lung Cancer
CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by lung cancer, as well as lung cancer treatment information and additional resources.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Flavorings - Related Lung Disease
This topic page provides a resource for findings and recommendations by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to reduce the risk of severe obstructive lung disease (obliterative bronchiolitis) associated with occupational exposures to flavorings.

The Liver - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Liver

InnerBody.com About The Liver
Weighing in at around 3 pounds, the liver is the body’s second largest organ; only the skin is larger and heavier. The liver performs many essential functions related to digestion, metabolism, immunity, and the storage of nutrients within the body. These functions make the liver a vital organ without which the tissues of the body would quickly die from lack of energy and nutrients.
KidsHealth.org Your Liver
Your liver is the largest solid organ in your body. By the time you're grown up, it will be about the size of a football. The liver does many jobs, here are three of the big ones.
PubMed Health How doe's the Liver work>
The liver is one of the largest organs in the body. It has many important metabolic functions. It converts the nutrients in our diets into substances that the body can use, stores these substances, and supplies cells with them when needed. It also takes up toxic substances and converts them into harmless substances or makes sure they are released from the body.
LiveScience.com Liver: Function. Failure, and Disease.
The liver is an abdominal glandular organ in the digestive system. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. The liver is a vital organ that supports nearly every other organ to some capacity.
HealthLine.com BodyMaps: The Liver
The liver is the body’s largest gland. It is a vital organ that supports nearly every other organ in the body in some facet. Without a healthy liver, a person cannot survive.
ScienceDaily.com Functional Human Liver Cells grown in the lab.
A new technique for growing human hepatocytes in the laboratory has now been described by a team of researchers. This groundbreaking development could help advance a variety of liver-related research and applications, from studying drug toxicity to creating bio-artificial liver support for patients awaiting transplantations.
Discovery.com A First: Human Liver Created From Stem Cells.
So-called induced pluripotent stem cells are easily obtainable mature cells that can be "reprogrammed" into a versatile, primitive state from where they can develop into any kind of cell in the body.
LiveStrong.com Side effects of Alcohol in the Human Body's Liver.
Abusing alcohol has physical effects on every organ in your body, but none as much as the liver. Every bit of alcohol that you drink has to pass through your liver, which works as a filter to eliminate toxins from your body.
ActiveBeat.co 10 telling symptoms of Liver Damage
Liver damage can include anything from heredity (i.e., inherited from a family member), toxicity (i.e., due to chemicals or viruses) to a long-term disease (i.e., Cirrhosis) that can affect your liver for the rest of your life.
LiverFoundation.org What healthy food should you eat?
Do you realize that your liver is depending on you?
Patient.info Alcohol and Liver Disease
Drinking too much alcohol can lead to three types of liver conditions - fatty liver, hepatitis and 'scarring' of the liver (cirrhosis).
Cirrhosis of the Liver Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments.
Cirrhosis is an abnormal liver condition in which there is irreversible scarring of the liver. The main causes are sustained excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease - however, there are many possible causes.

2. Liver Diseases

Liver.ca Types of Liver Disease
There are over 100 different forms of liver disease that affect men, women and children. In this alphabetical list, you can find information on some of the most common forms of liver disease.
Einstein Health Network Liver Disease and Condition Types
There are many disorders of the liver that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Here are some of the conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview.
MedicineNet.com Liver Disease: Related Diseases and Conditions
Medical conditions are often related to other diseases and conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments related to the topic of Liver Disease. These conditions may be a cause or symptom of Liver Disease or be a condition for which you may be at increased risk.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Polycystic Liver Disease
Polycystic liver disease is an inherited disorder characterized by many cysts of various sizes scattered throughout the liver. Abdominal discomfort from swelling of the liver may occur; however, most affected individuals do not have any symptoms. In some cases, polycystic liver disease appears to occur randomly, with no apparent cause (sporadically). Most cases are inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait.
Puristat.com Signs and Symptoms of ten common Liver Diseases
A liver disease is a collection of conditions, disorders, and infections that affect the cells, structures, and tissues of the liver, causing liver damage or stops liver functioning altogether.
ChildrenNetwork.org The Childhood Liver Disease Research Network
The Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN) is a collaborative team of doctors, scientists, nurses, research coordinators, medical facilities, patient support organizations, and the National Institutes of Health. The ChiLDReN Network has clinical sites and research laboratories in the U.S., Canada, and the United Kingdom. These sites are working together to improve the lives of children and families dealing with rare cholestatic liver diseases.
American College of Gastroenterology Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of injury, ranging from simple steatosis to frank cirrhosis. It may well represent the oldest form of liver injury known to mankind. Evidence suggests that fermented beverages existed at least as early as the Neolithic period (cir. 10,000 BC) (5). Alcohol remains a major cause of liver disease worldwide.
Disabled World Signs and symptoms of Liver Disease
Any form of liver disease will be time-consuming life-altering and often will be very costly in receiving medical assistance.
MedlinePlus Diet: Liver Disease
Some people with liver disease must eat a special diet. This diet helps the liver function and protects it from working too hard.
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Dietary Advice
Many myths surround the topic of diet and liver disease, including foods to "feed" the liver, foods to "cleanse" it and other weird and wonderful ideas.
Here are a few simple dietary tips.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Liver

The Princess Grace Hospital Liver Conditions - Overview
Most liver diseases initially present with very few symptoms. The liver is a resilient organ, able to function even when damaged and also to regenerate itself. This may explain why it’s believed that a great deal of liver disease remains undiagnosed in the population as a whole.
Merck Manual Liver Failure
Liver failure is severe deterioration in liver function.
Malnutrition in End Stage Liver Disease Recommendations and Nutritional Support
The majority of cirrhotic patients unintentionally follow a low caloric diet, a fact that is attributed to various side-effects observed in cirrhosis. Loss of appetite, which is currently attributed to the presence of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor or alcohol-induced anorexia, are the most common reasons.
RMHealth.com 10 Signs and Symptoms of Liver Damage
Take it as a warning sign if you start to experience any of these decreased liver function symptoms as a sign of liver damage.
WebMD Information on Liver Failure
Liver Failure occurs when large parts of the liver become damaged beyond repair and the liver is no longer able to function.
Liver failure is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care. Most often, liver failure occurs gradually and over many years. However, a more rare condition known as acute liver failure occurs rapidly (in as little as 48 hours) and can be difficult to detect initially.
HealthLine What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. It’s commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease that occurs when your body makes antibodies against your liver tissue.
Emory Health Care Biliary Disorders and Bile Duct Cancer.
The biliary duct system is responsible for storing and transporting bile, a yellowish digestive fluid produced in the liver. The bile ducts are the tubes from which bile flows out from the liver. Bile ducts come together like the branches of a tree. The largest duct is called the common bile duct. Before bile is transported to the small intestine to aid in the digestive process, it is collected and concentrated in a storage container called the gallbladder.
March of Dimes Liver Disorders: Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-related liver disorder in which there are abnormalities in the flow of bile (a substance produced by the liver that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats). These abnormalities lead to a build-up of bile acids (components of bile) in the mother's blood, resulting in symptoms such as severe skin itching.
About.com Three Herbs for Liver Health
Many proponents of herbal medicine suggest using herbs to enhance the health of your liver, an organ responsible for clearing toxins from your body. Indeed, some research shows that certain herbs may help fight liver disorders like cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) or infections like hepatitis B and hepatitis C (viruses known to cause inflammation in the liver). Here's a look at several herbs that show promise as a natural means of boosting liver health.
About Health Medications and Supplements linked to Liver Damage
Liver injury from use or overuse of medications or supplements may be a challenge to diagnose. Often the cause of drug-induced liver disease is quite apparent to physicians, but in some cases, other causes for liver disease, such as hepatitis, cancer, metabolic disease, or vascular disease, may need to be ruled out first. The medication or supplement that is suspected to be the cause of the liver damage will need to be stopped in order to confirm the diagnosis.

4. Organizations and Associations

American Association for the study of Liver Disease (AASLD) A healthy liver is critical to your overall health.
AASLD is an organization for hepatology professionals, and our website consists of mostly scientific information. Our related society, the American Liver Foundation, was created to serve as a public education and patient information resource. - See more at: http://www.aasld.org/patients#sthash.tA2xI904.dpuf.
American Liver Foundation Always on your side.
For 40 years, the American Liver Foundation has used education, patient services, advocacy and research to battle against liver disease.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Advancing Excellence in Health Care.
The NGC mission is to provide physicians and other health professionals, health care providers, health plans, integrated delivery systems, purchasers, and others an accessible mechanism for obtaining objective, detailed information on clinical practice guidelines and to further their dissemination, implementation, and use.
National Liver Foundation Promoting awareness and prevention of Liver Disease.
Offering help, information, and support to those suffering from liver disease and their families. In addition, NLF reaches out to support programs involving diagnosis, prevention and treatment of liver- related diseases.
International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) Promoting Knowledge in Liver Cancer across Disciplines
The International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) is the only International Organization devoted exclusively to liver cancer research for experts from all related disciplines.
Children's Liver Association for Support Services (C.L.A.S.S.) All volunteer group
C.L.A.S.S. was founded out of the recognized need for an organization dedicated to addressing the emotional, educational and financial needs of families with children affected by liver disease and transplantation.
Hepatitis C Association Factual Information through educational programs and support materials
The focus of the Hepatitis C Association is to educate the public, both patients and medical providers, about the hepatitis C virus.
American Organ Transplant Association Links to Transplant Organizations
The following links to transplant organizations are provided as a courtesy by the American Organ Transplant Association. Our intent is to help patients, their families and caregivers find the information they need.
Infectious Diseases Society of America HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) represents physicians, scientists and other health care professionals who specialize in infectious diseases.
NOTICE: Guidance for hepatitis C treatment in adults is changing constantly with the advent of new therapies and other developments. A static version of this guidance, such as printouts of this website material, booklets, slides, and other materials, may be outdated by the time you read this. We urge you to review this guidance on this website for the latest recommendations.

5. Liver Research

Wake Forest School of Medicine Human Liver: Replacement Organs and Tissues
The ultimate goal of the research, published in the journal Hepatology, is to provide a solution to the shortage of donor livers available for patients who need transplants. Laboratory-engineered livers could also be used to test the safety of new drugs.
ScienceDaily Functional human liver cells grown in the lab
A new technique for growing human hepatocytes in the laboratory has now been described by a team of researchers. This groundbreaking development could help advance a variety of liver-related research and applications, from studying drug toxicity to creating bio-artificial liver support for patients awaiting transplantations.
University of Birmingham Center for Liver Research
Birmingham has been challenging and developing great minds for more than a century. Characterised by a tradition of innovation, research at the University has broken new ground, pushed forward the boundaries of knowledge and made an impact on people’s lives.
The Foundation for Liver Research Research is the lifeblood of medicine
The Foundation for Liver Research was established in 1974 to develop and extend research into diseases of the human liver and to enhance medical research generally.
National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) Liver: Current solid organ research needs
The liver plays a major role in breaking down drugs, toxins and carcinogens in the body. But because there are major differences between animals in how the liver breaks down various compounds, animal tests often cannot adequately indicate the danger a drug or environmental compound might pose to people.
Nature.com Cells self-organize and grow into functional organs after transplantation.
Transplanting tiny 'liver buds' constructed from human stem cells restores liver function in mice, researchers have found. Although preliminary, the results offer a potential path towards developing treatments for the thousands of patients awaiting liver transplants every year.
The Liver Center Fostering Innovation and Collaboration in Liver Research
The UCSF Liver Center is a consortium of over 70 researchers who share a common interest in liver biology and disease. The purpose of the Center is to foster excellence and scientific collaboration among its members and to recruit new investigators to the field of hepatology.
Salk Institute Chimeric Mouse developed to test Human Liver Disease
A team led by Salk Institute researchers has developed a mouse model with 95 percent of its liver containing cells of human origin, making it an ideal system to test novel therapies for debilitating human diseases, including cancer.
Pediatric Research Potential Gene Therapy of human liver cancer
The Department of Pediatrics consists of a dynamic and growing faculty dedicated to the highest quality patient care, research, and educational activity devoted to improving the health of children. This department is uniquely balanced, with almost exactly half of its budget derived from clinical activity and the other half from funded research.
The University of Sheffield Research: Liver Regeneration
The unit has an active research program which is progressing on a variety of fronts.
Human HepCell Human HepCell is a preclinical contract organization specialized in Liver Pathologies
The mission of Human HepCell is to support drug discovery and development for liver disease by accompanying R&D programs of lead evaluation & selection and of hepatotoxicity profiling.
Centre for Regenerative Medicine Liver stem cells and regeneration
Our research concentrates on understanding how the liver regenerates in chronic disease and how this process becomes deranged in the development of liver cancer.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

American Liver Foundation Support Services
The American Liver Foundation's support services provide information about liver disease, resources and emotional support to patients, family members and caregivers.
MD Junction Alcoholic Liver Disease Online Support Group
A community of patients, family members and friends dedicated to dealing with Alcoholic Liver Disease, together.
Inspire.com Liver disease support group and discussion community.
Join many others who understand what you're going through and are making important decisions about their health.
DailyStrength Cirrhosis Support Group
Anonymous support from people just like you.
Cancer Hope Network Get matched with a cancer survivor.
Cancer Hope Network matches cancer patients or family members with trained volunteer cancer survivors who themselves, have undergone and recovered from a similar cancer experience.
Cancer Support Community So that no one faces cancer alone
At Cancer Support Community there are many ways to help yourself and others affected by cancer.
EveryDay Health Finding Liver Cancer Support Groups
Once you or a loved one has received a liver cancer diagnosis, you'll need support to help you get through this difficult time.
Transplant Buddies Friendly, supportive, and informative about all aspects of transplantation.
Our members include patients who are exploring or waiting for a life saving organ transplant, transplant patients who are seeking support on a daily basis, and families who are supporting loved ones. Patients and families participate in conversations on the forum; anyone with an interest in transplantation is welcome.
Mayo Clinic Coping and Support
Having support from your friends and family can be helpful. Also, you and your family may benefit from joining a support group of people who understand what you're going through and who can provide support. Support groups offer a place for you and your family to share fears, concerns, difficulties and successes with people who have had similar experiences.
Hepatitis Central Hepatitis-C Support Groups
Support groups play an important role in their efforts to empower patients and their families.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

WebMD Quiz: How well do you know your Liver?
This tool doe's not provide medical advice. It is intended for general informational purposes only and does not address individual circumstances.
MedicineNet.com Is Hepatitis contagious? Related pictures and quizzes.
This collection of slideshows, quizzes, and images is intended to help you learn and test your knowledge of Is Hepatitis Contagious and related conditions.
American University (Washington, DC) Wellness Center: Understanding Alcohol
Alcohol is classified as a depressant, and acts by slowing down your central nervous system, and causing impairment in your motor coordination, reaction time as well as your judgment and reasoning.
Global Healing Center The Liver and Liver Stones.
Each year, millions of people in the United States suffer from gallstone-related pain. However, it may surprise many of these individuals to discover they are, in fact, suffering from the presence of liver stones.
PositiveMed.com 14 Interesting Facts About the Liver.
This bodily organ is so important that if it stops functioning we won’t survive even one day. Here is a list of some interesting facts about this essential organ.
LiverStrong.com Facts about the Human Liver
the liver regulates blood sugar levels and detoxifies the blood. However, when too many toxins are introduced into a person's system, it can result in damage to the liver and disrupt normal function.
SoftSchools.com Some Interesting Liver Facts.
Your liver is a very important organ, located just behind your ribcage in the right upper portion of your stomach (abdomen). This organ, which people rarely really think about, is so important that if it didn't do its job you could die in just one day.
Media Health Leaders CDC Stats Underestimate Liver Disease Mortality, Investigators Warn.
The investigators conclude the mortality impact of liver disease in the U.S. is underestimated. Liver disease may be more deadly than previously thought.
Johns Hopkins Liver Disease Statistics
Here are the latest statistics available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Liver Foundation.
Cancer.net Liver Cancer: Statistics
Here you will find information about how many people are diagnosed with this type of cancer each year and some general survival information. Remember, survival rates depend on several factors.
MedicineNet.com Liver Disease Quiz
Test your medical IQ.
MedIndia Test your knowledge on the Liver.
How many of us know that the liver is a vital organ the size of an American Football? To understand more about the liver and its functions spend a few minutes taking part in this quiz.

8. Resources for Liver Disorders and Conditions

MedicAlert Foundation Online Resources: Digestive and Liver Disorders
Links to other Internet sites with information about digestive and liver disorders. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here.
American Liver Foundation Education Resources
The American Liver Foundation is the principal source of print materials and online resources on liver disease. We understand that education is key to building awareness. Explore this section for downloads, learning opportunities, and ordering instructions.
Association of Cancer Online Resources (ACOR) A unique collection of online cancer communities
You are not alone! Use one of ACOR's 142 online communities to connect with people like you online and share information and support.
American Liver Foundation Financial Assistance Resources
Rapidly rising health care costs, unforeseen occurrences in one’s personal life, and increasing responsibilities can lead to the need for financial assistance. Financial needs for individuals with liver disease can vary from medication assistance to transportation assistance to transplant assistance.
Liver Transplant What is a Liver Transplant?
A liver transplant is the process of replacing a sick liver with a donated, healthy liver. Liver transplants require that the blood type and body size of the donor match the person receiving the transplant.
Gift of Life National Transplant Resources
Gift of Life offers resources and information to the men, women and children who receive transplants. Resources are also available to the family members of transplant recipients.
UNOS.org Working Together. Saving Lives.
Our mission is to advance organ availability and transplantation to support patients through education, technology and policy development.
Liver.ca How To: Resources for Patients
When you or someone you love is first diagnosed with liver disease, you have a lot of questions about what to expect, how to cope and where to get help.
Throughout our website, you will find a wealth of resources and information that will help answer your questions.
Patient.info Informational Resources: Alcohol and Liver Disease
Patient is one of the most trusted medical resources online, supplying evidence based information on a wide range of medical and health topics to patients and health professionals.
Liver Specialists of Texas Liver Transplant Resources: Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver disease is a growling public health concern for all of us. Fatty liver disease develops in patients with truncal obesity, type II diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, and triglycerides, and low thyroid function.

The Stomach - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Stomach

HealthLine.com In Depth: The Stomach
The stomach is located in the upper-left area of the abdomen below the liver and next to the spleen. It’s main function is store and breakdown foods and liquids that we consume before those contents travel to other organs to be further digested.
InnerBody.com Digestive System
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).
American Cancer Society What is stomach cancer?
Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, is a cancer that starts in the stomach. To understand stomach cancer, it helps to know about the normal structure and function of the stomach.
How Stuff Works How does your stomach keep from digesting itself?
The stomach is protected by the opithelial cells which produce and secrete a bicarbonate rich solution that coats the mucosa. Bicarbonate is alkaline, a base, and neutralizes the acid secreted by the parietal cells, producing water in the process.
Primal Docs The truth about Stomach Acid: Why low stomach acid is jeopardizing your health
When stomach acid production is low, dysfunction throughout the digestive system can occur, leading to numerous symptoms and disease processes. The body’s preference is to keep the chyme in the stomach until it reaches the proper pH level. Therefore, when stomach acid production is low, the chyme sits in the stomach for a longer period of time without the nutrients being broken down properly.
Natural News Is it your Stomach or is it your Pancreas that's causing pain?
While your Pancreas may not be something that you think about very often, it might just be time to take notice of this vitally important organ. Becoming in tune with the voice of your body can help you maintain good health and alert you to potential health concerns.
InnerBody.com Blood supply to the Stomach and Pancreas.
Full Blood Supply to the Stomach and Pancreas Detailed Description.
YakMax.com 12 Amazing facts about the stomach.
The stomach plays an important role in the body. It breaks down food so that nutrients can be absorbed. Its size even changes to accommodate food. The stomach does so many interesting things. Here are some facts about the stomach.
Top5.com 5 Fascinating, Terrifying things about the human stomach.
Most folks don’t pay their tummies much mind. We’re guessing you’d think about the human stomach a whole lot more if you knew a little more about it.
NHS Choices Stomach Ulcer
Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach.
LiveScience.com Stomach: Facts, Functions, and Diseases.
After swallowing, food and drink make its way down the esophagus to the stomach. The stomach is the first stop in the digestive tract before food moves on to the small intestine.
Healthy Eating Role of Stomach Acid in Digestion.
Digestion is the process of breaking down the food you consume into molecules that can be absorbed into or pass through the body. The body uses these broken-down molecules to make new cells and provide energy.

2. Stomach Diseases

ScienceDaily.com Stomach Bacteria switch off human immune defenses to cause disease.
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that establishes a life-long stomach infection in humans, which in some cases can lead to duodenal ulcers or stomach cancer. New research gives us a clearer understanding of how these bacteria can manipulate the human immune system to survive in the mucosal lining of the stomach.
MedicineNet.com Abdominal Pain Symptoms and Signs.
The characteristics of Abdominal Pain, location, timing, duration, etc. are important in diagnosing its cause. Persisting abdominal pain should be evaluated by a physician.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Spiral Bacteria in the Human Stomach: The Gastric Helicobacters.
During the past decade, Helicobacter pylori has become recognized as one of the most common human pathogens, colonizing the gastric mucosa of almost all persons exposed to poor hygienic conditions from childhood.
Encyclopedia Britannica Stomach: Human digestive system diseases.
Indigestion, also called dyspepsia, is any or all of the unpleasant symptoms that are associated with the malfunctioning of the digestive system. Indigestion may be caused by a disease, but it primarily occurs because of stress or improper eating habits, smoking, drinking excessive quantities of coffee or alcohol, or hypersensitivity to particular foods.
Mayo Clinic Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu).
Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever.
WebMD.com Stomach Cancer
Stomach Cancer begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of your stomach. These cells can grow into a tumor. Also called gastric cancer, the disease usually grows slowly over many years.
HealthLine.com Is it Crohn's or just an Upset Stomach?
They share many symptoms, here is a detailed description of each, their cause and symptoms.
MedlinePlus Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach). This can irritate the esophagus and cause heartburn and other symptoms.
Medical News Today Stomach Acid drugs linked to Chronic Kidney Disease
Taking a class of drugs commonly used to reduce acid in the stomach is linked to a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease, compared with not taking them.
eMedicineHealth.com Peptic Ulcers
In the digestive system, an ulcer is an area of open sores where tissue has been destroyed by the gastric juices and stomach acid. Peptic ulcer disease is a general term for ulcers that occur in the lining of the stomach or of the duodenum (upper part of the small intestine).
Health.com 18 Reasons why your stomach hurts.
Nearly everyone has had a stomachache at some point. But really, any organ in your abdomen (there are many!) could be to blame. Read more to find out about possible culprits.
American Cancer Society Stomach Cancer
If you have stomach cancer or are close to someone who does, knowing what to expect can help you cope. Here you can find out all about stomach cancer, including risk factors, symptoms, how it is found, and how it is treated.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Stomach

MedlinePlus Stomach Disorders (Also called: Gastric Disorders)
Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.
Digestive Disorders Center Abdominal Pain in adults
Abdominal pain can range in intensity from a mild stomach ache to severe acute pain. The pain is often nonspecific and can be caused by a variety of conditions. Many organs are found within the abdominal cavity. Sometimes the pain is directly related to a specific organ such as the bladder or ovary.
Alternative-Health-Group.org Stomach Disorders: Signs and symptoms of Hypochlorhydria
Americans now spend approximately $3 billion a year on over-the-counter heartburn drugs, according to the American Pharmacists Association. But there's a lesser known, frequently overlooked condition called Hypochlorhydria, when the stomach doesn't produce enough acid.
MedicineNet.com Stomach cancer related Diseases and Conditions.
Medical conditions are often related to other diseases and conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments related to the topic of Stomach Cancer. These conditions may be a cause or symptom of Stomach Cancer or be a condition for which you may be at increased risk.
RightDiagnosis.com Stomach Conditions: Introduction.
Any condition that affects the stomach. Some examples of stomach conditions includes Gastrinoma, Gastritis and Indigestion.
DiabeticLivingOnline.com Relief for Diabetes Stomach Pain.
You're eating more healthfully, taking meds as prescribed, yet perhaps your gut grumbles in protest. Here are some reasons why and some ways to find relief for stomach pain caused by diabetes-related issues.
HealthLine.com Nausea and Vomiting
Vomiting is an uncontrollable reflex that expels the contents of the stomach through the mouth. It is also called “being sick,” or “throwing up.” Nausea is a term that describes the feeling that you might vomit, but are not actually vomiting.
MerckManuals.com Chronic and Recurring Abdominal Pain
Chronic abdominal pain is pain that is present for more than 3 months. It may be present all the time or come and go (recurring).
EveryDayHealth.com 7 Ways to tame Excessive Gas.
There are a lot of ways to describe excessive gas: burping, belching, flatulence, and bloating. While what you call it might not seem to matter, being able to identify where gas starts, and where it ends, can help you treat painful or embarrassing symptoms.
MDhealth.com Stomach pain after eating
Stomach pain after eating can be triggered by foods that cause discomfort or due to a digestive disorder that makes it hard to break down food properly. If you are frequently experiencing this condition, it is urgent to seek medical help.
eMedicineHealth.com Abdominal pain in adults
Abdominal pain is the feeling of pain in a person's stomach, upper or lower abdomen, and can range in intensity from a mild stomach ache to severe acute pain.
KidsHealth.org Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
Some kids get bad stomach pain all the time. They are tired and even feel like they might throw up. Some of these kids may have what's called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (or IBD).
LifeExtension.com Natural solutions to Chronic Stomach Problems
In their quest to promote a long and healthy life, many Americans forget one of the first links in the chain—their stomachs. The consequences of stomach neglect range from simple heartburn all the way to ulcers and even cancer.
Prevention.com Your guide to a Healthy, Happy Tummy
Your digestive tract plays a role in mood, immunity, and intuition. Here's how to harness its power to prevent stomach problems.

4. Organizations and Associations

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Strategic plans and Reports
This Institute supports a wide range of medical research through grants to universities and other medical research institutions across the country.
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation Mission: To cure Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, and to improve the quality of life of children and adults affected by these diseases.
Since our founding over four decades ago, CCFA has remained at the forefront of research in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
American Gastroenterological (AGA) Advancing the science and practice of Gastroenterology
The American Gastroenterological Association is the trusted voice of the GI community. Founded in 1897, AGA has grown to include more than 16,000 members from around the globe who are involved in all aspects of the science, practice and advancement of gastroenterology.
National Digestive Disease Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) Directory of Digestive Disease Organizations
This directory lists Government agencies and professional and voluntary associations that provide information and resources related to digestive diseases. Some of these organizations offer educational materials and other services to patients and the general public, while others primarily serve health care providers.
International Foundation for functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD) Reliable digestive health knowledge, support, and assistance about Gastrointestinal (GI) and Motility Disorders (FGIMDs).
We are a nonprofit started in 1991. Discover information you need on digestive disorders in adults and children.
American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Making strides against stomach cancer.
Stomach or Gastric Cancer is a disease in which cancer cells form in the lining of the stomach.
Debbie's Dream Foundation Raising Awareness. Funding Research. Supporting Patients. Achieving the DREAM.
A non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness about stomach cancer, advancing funding for resear ch, and providing education and support internationally to patients, families, and caregivers.
Gastric Cancer Foundation Education, Research, and Advocacy.
Gastric Cancer Foundation is dedicated to improving the lives of people affected by stomach cancer and to working with leading researchers to find a cure.

5. Stomach Research

LiveScience.com Tiny human stomachs grown in lab.
They may be small, but new lab-grown miniature human stomachs could one day help researchers better understand how the stomach develops, as well as the diseases that can strike it.
Cincinnati Childrens.org Scientist generate first human stomach tissue in lab with stem cells.
Scientists used pluripotent stem cells to generate functional, three-dimensional human stomach tissue in a laboratory – creating an unprecedented tool for researching the development and diseases of an organ central to several public health crises.
MedicalNewsToday.com Miniature human stomach grown from stem cells.
Scientists have grown a fully functioning, miniature human stomach using pluripotent stem cells. The researchers - from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center in Ohio - say their creation is an "unprecedented tool" that can be used to study an array of diseases that threaten public health, such as cancer and metabolic syndrome.
ScienceDaily.com Research team uncovers new compound in human stomach.
A professor of chemistry at the University of Missouri-Columbia, and his research team recently uncovered nitrolic acid. The compound forms when too much nitrate or nitrite is ingested into the body either through plants or cured meats.
NC State News The evolutionary link between diet and stomach acidity.
An analysis of data on stomach acidity and diet in birds and mammals suggests that high levels of stomach acidity developed not to help animals break down food, but to defend animals against food poisoning. The work raises interesting questions about the evolution of stomach acidity in humans, and how modern life may be affecting both our stomach acidity and the microbial communities that live in our guts.
Scientist build world's first artificial stomach High tech box simulates human digestion - it even vomits.
Constructed from sophisticated plastics and metals able to withstand the corrosive acids and enzymes found in the human gut, the device may ultimately help in the development of super-nutrients, such as obesity-fighting foods that could fool the stomach into thinking it is full.
Center for Enviromental Health Studies Stomach Cancer and Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.
Moderately strong evidence has been recorded of a possible connection between stomach cancer and exposure to ionizing radiation.
Economist.com Having the stomach for it.
“Organoids” derived from stem cells help show how embryos develop and why adults get certain diseases. They may even be used as treatments.
Med Talks The history of Gastrointestinal Physiology
The GI system is essentially a continuous tube, with food entering in and eventually exiting out after traveling along a continuous tract.
Genetic Literacy Project Lab grown miniature organs pave way for research on Stomach Disease.
These gastric organoid mini-models will provide a way to observe much more accurately how bacteria interact with and grow in the stomach.
ScienceDaily.com Stomach bacteria switch off human immune defenses to cause disease.
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that establishes a life-long stomach infection in humans, which in some cases can lead to duodenal ulcers or stomach cancer. New research gives us a clearer understanding of how these bacteria can manipulate the human immune system to survive in the mucosal lining of the stomach.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Inc. (AGMD) Support: On track with Hope - Gut to get Involved - Gut to Educate - Gut to make others Understand.
AGMD understands that support for patients and family members is critical. Many feel very much alone and for some, the Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Inc. (AGMD) is the first place where they find comfort, understanding, camaraderie, and a sense of belonging.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Self Help and Support Group A trusted community for IBS and Digestive Health Suffers
The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Self Help and Support Group is a patient led and patient governed organization dedicated to helping everyone who suffers from IBS and other digestive health disorders, through patient communication, support, symptoms, causes, treatment, accurate information and education.
HealingDigestiveDisorders.org Patient: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) 0nline Forums, Message Boards, and Support Groups
Online communities for people with IBS or their friends and family provide the opportunity to learn, share experiences, and ask questions in a convenient and private way.
Inspire.com Your digestive system disorders support group and discussion community.
Join many others who understand what you're going through and are making important decisions about their health.
Eating Disorder Support Group Join - We want you here
This is a Pro-Recovery Support Group. Please refrain from mentioning numbers in your posts, including weights, clothing sizes, BMI, calories etc. Thank you very much.
CompassCancer.com Living with Stomach Cancer
Living with a serious disease like stomach cancer is not easy. Cancer patients and those who care about them face many problems and challenges. Coping with these problems is often easier when people have helpful stomach cancer information and support services.
Cancer Support Community (CSC) A global Network of Education and Hope.
To ensure that all people impacted by cancer are empowered by knowledge, strengthened by action, and sustained by community.
MacMillan Cancer Support Information and support for people affected by Stomach Cancer
At Macmillan, we know how a cancer diagnosis can affect everything. So we’re here to support you and help you take back some control in your life. From help with money worries and advice about work, to someone who’ll listen if you just want to talk, we’re here.
CancerConnect.com New online support group for people affected by Gastrointestinal Conditions: IBS, Crohn's, UC, GERD, Cancer, and more.
Thousands of cancer patients and their caregivers are discussing topics of importance on Cancer Connect. They learn from each other, share information, and support each other.
eHealth.com Digestive and Bowel Disorders Forum
Welcome to the Digestive and Bowel Disorders Forum - a health community featuring member and doctor discussions ranging from a specific symptom to related conditions, treatment options, medication, side effects, diet, and emotional issues surrounding medical conditions.
EatingDisorderHope.com Online eating disorder Support Groups
Recovery from an eating disorder is a lifelong journey. Whether as a complement to therapy sessions with an eating disorder specialist, or as an after-care program following treatment at an eating disorders center, an 7eating disorder support group is an important recovery tool.
Mayo Clinic Stomach Cancer: Coping and Support.
A cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming and frightening. Once you start to adjust after the initial shock of your diagnosis, you may find it helps to stay focused on tasks that help you cope.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

Disabled World Gastrointestinal: Disorders, Facts, and Information.
Information on disorders of the human digestive system including crohns disease and heartburn facts.
LiveScience.com 11 Surprising facts about the Digestive System
The digestive system has two main functions: to convert food into nutrients your body needs, and to rid the body of waste. To do its job, the system requires the cooperation of a number of different organs throughout the body, including the Mouth, Stomach, Intestines, Liver and Gallbladder.
Here are 11 facts about the digestive system that may surprise you.
National Cancer Institute SEER Fact Stat Sheets: Stomach Cancer.
This factsheet focuses on population statistics that are based on the US population. Because these statistics are based on large groups of people, they cannot be used to predict exactly what will happen to an individual patient. To see tailored statistics, browse the SEER Cancer Statistics Review. To see statistics for a specific state, go to the State Cancer Profiles.
World Cancer Research Fund International Stomach Cancer Statistics
Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, with 952,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health effects of cigarette smoking
Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduces the health of smokers in general.
Quitting smoking lowers your risk for smoking-related diseases and can add years to your life.
AboutIBS.org Statistics About: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder with worldwide prevalence rates ranging from 9–23% and U.S rates generally in the area of 10–15%.
HealthGuidance.org Digestive Diseases: The Facts.
Digestive diseases encompass more than 40 acute and chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract ranging from common digestive disorders to serious, life-threatening diseases. More than 34 million Americans are afflicted with diseases of the digestive system, 20 million of whom have chronic disorders.
HealthLine.com Acid Reflux (GERD) Statistics and Facts
Sixty percent of the adult population will experience some type of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) within a 12 month period and 20 to 30 percent will have weekly symptoms.
LiveStrong.com 10 Facts or Statistics about Acid Reflux Disease.
Acid reflux disease--also commonly referred to as GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)--is a medical condition caused by stomach acid that abnormally travels backwards up into the esophagus.
NationalEatingDisorders.org Get the facts on eating disorders.
Eating disorders are real, complex, and devastating conditions that can have serious consequences for health, productivity, and relationships. They are not a fad, phase or lifestyle choice. Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening conditions that affect a person’s emotional and physical health. People struggling with an eating disorder need to seek professional help. The earlier a person with an eating disorder seeks treatment, the greater the likelihood of physical and emotional recovery.

Here are some links to a few quizzes relating to the Stomach and the Digestive System:

ProProfs Quiz Maker Digestive System Quiz - Multiple Choice
ZeroBio.com Digestive System Quiz - Multiple Choice
Sporcle.com Label the parts of the Digestive Track
CliffsNotes.com Stomach Quiz - Multiple Choice
Quibblo.com Digestive System Quiz - Multiple Choice
WomensHealthMag.com Stomach Quiz - True or False
MedicineNet.com Tummy Trouble: Digestive Diseases - True or False
TheOatMeal.com Stomach Quiz - Multiple Choice

8. Resources for Stomach Disorders and Conditions

Lupus Foundation of America Help and Resources
15 Questions and Answers: Gastrointestinal issues with Lupus.
GIKids.org Children's digestive Health Information for kids and parents.
Millions of children are living with pediatric digestive and nutritional disorders. GIKids provides easy to understand information about the treatment and management of these pediatric digestive conditions for children and parents.
American College of Gastroenterology Patient Education and Resource Center
Podcast and Videos: Advancing Gastroenterology, Improving Patient Care.
AutismSpeaks.org Resource Guide
Here is a map of the United States, click on your state. All the listings in that state will appear, choose a category and enter a zip code and hit the enter key, a map of all the listings of that category in the state will appear.
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) Search Our Resourses
As the nation’s leading source for educational information for Crohn’s and Colitis patients and professionals, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America maintains an extensive collection of resources for people diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and other information on the inflammatory bowel diseases.
ClinicalTrials.gov Resources: A service of the U.S. National Institute of Health
The Resources section of this site links to publications related to ClinicalTrials.gov, clinical alerts, and information on subscribing to RSS feeds for new and updated clinical studies. This section also provides statistics about ClinicalTrials.gov and information on retrieving study record data and search results in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format.
Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) Educational Resources
Getting educated about obesity is an important component in understanding the complexity of this disease. The OAC offers several educational resources available to help you in your weight-loss journey. These tools that give you the information that you need to make an informed decision about what to do about your obesity.
Coastal Gastroenterology Resources for patients
We want our patients to be informed about their digestive problems and treatments, because informed patients make better decisions about their health and well being.

The Kidneys - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Kidneys

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases The Kidneys and how they work.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid.
LiveScience.com Kidneys: Facts, Function, and Diseases.
The kidneys filter extra water and toxins from the blood. The kidneys filter about 120 to 152 quarts (113 to 144 liters) of blood to create 1 to 2 quarts (0.94 to 1.8 l) of urine every day.
InnerBody.com Information about the Kidneys
The kidneys are the waste filtering and disposal system of the body. As much as 1/3 of all blood leaving the heart passes into the kidneys to be filtered before flowing to the rest of the body’s tissues.
MedicineNet.com Information about Kidney Failure
Kidneys are the organs that help filter waste products from the blood. They are also involved in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production in the body.
Smithsonian.com Top 5 myths about Human Kidneys
From limiting alcohol consumption to detoxing, many misconceptions circulate about how to keep your kidneys healthy.
Mayo Clinic Acute Kidney Failure: Causes.
Acute kidney failure can occur when:
- You have a condition that slows blood flow to your kidneys.
- You experience direct damage to your kidneys.
- Your kidneys' urine drainage tubes (ureters) become blocked and wastes can't leave your body through your urine.
American Kidney Fund Race/Ethnicity and Kidney Disease
African-Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans are more at risk for kidney disease. This may be because these groups tend to have higher rates of Diabetes and High Blood Pressure, the two leading causes of kidney failure. Access to healthcare and other factors may also contribute
American Heart Association Kidney Damage and High Blood Pressure.
High blood pressure, also called HBP or hypertension, is the second leading cause of kidney failure. The kidneys and the circulatory system depend on each other for good health.
National Kidney Foundation Cholesterol and Chronic Kidney Disease.
In people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart disease is very common. It is suggested that people with CKD have cholesterol labs drawn at least yearly. Your doctor may want to do them more frequently if something has changed with your health.
Encyclopedia Britannica Human Renal System.
.Renal System, in humans, organ system that includes the kidneys, where urine is produced, and the ureters, bladder, and urethra for the passage, storage, and voiding of urine.
Answers.com What system are the kidneys part of?
The kidneys are a part of the urinary system. the urinary system is one component of the excretory system of your body.
Kidney and Urology Foundation of America, Inc. Urinary Ststem and how it works.
The organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves that work together to create, store, and carry urine are the urinary system. The urinary system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles, and the urethra.

2. Kidneys Diseases

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK). Kidney Diseases A - Z.
Kidney disease topics are listed in alphabetical order. Select a letter to locate a disease or condition, diagnostic test, or anatomy topic.
LifeOptions.org 10 Symptoms of Kidney Disease
Many people who have chronic kidney disease don't know it because the early signs can be very subtle. It can take many years to go from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. Most people with CKD live out their lives without ever reaching kidney failure. People with stage 3 CKD have about an 80% chance of never having their kidneys fail.
Kidney.nyc A list of Kidney Diseases
This is a list of diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, both common and rare, for patients and physicians.
(If you’re interested in a basic introduction to the kidneys instead, please click here.)
ScienceDaily.com Kidney Disease News
Your source for the latest research news.
HealthLine.com Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is an inherited kidney disorder. It causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys. PKD may impair kidney function and cause kidney failure.
National Kidney Foundation About Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
DaVita.com Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
With chronic kidney disease, the kidneys don’t usually fail all at once. Instead, kidney disease often progresses slowly over a period of years. This is good news because if CKD is caught early, medicines and lifestyle changes may help slow its progress and keep you feeling your best for as long as possible.
National Kidney Foundation Diet and Nutrition
Diet and nutrition are an important part of living well with kidney disease. As your kidney disease progresses, your dietary needs will likely change as well.
Davita.com Top 15 healthy foods for people with Kidney Disease
Foods that contain Antioxidants can help neutralize free radicals and protect the body. Many of the foods that protect against oxidation are included in the kidney diet and make excellent choices for Dialysis patients or people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Kidneys

YourKidneys.com Urinary System Disorders
There are a number of common urinary system disorders that can occur. Learn how these problems may affect you.
MedlinePlus Injury: Kidney and Ureter
Injury to the kidney and ureter is damage to the organs of the upper urinary tract.
UroWeb.org Symptoms of Kidney and Ureteral Stones
People often associate Kidney and Ureteral Stones with pain. However, symptoms can vary from severe pain to no pain at all, depending on stone characteristics, such as the size, shape, and location of the stone in the urinary tract.
KidsHealth.org Kidney Diseases in childhood
Sometimes the kidneys don't develop properly and, as a result, don't function as they should. Often these problems are genetic and not due to anything a parendt did or didn't do.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Mudullary Sponge Kidney (MSK)
Medullary Sponge Kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci Disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus’ kidneys.
PKD Foundation (Polycystic Kidney Disease) Just Diagnosed
You're here because you or someone you know and care about has been diagnosed with a disease you have probably never heard of: Polycystic Kidney Disease or PKD. This section of the PKD Learning Center covers information related questions and concerns people have when first diagnosed with PKD.
National Kidney Foundation Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome may occur when the filtering units of the kidney are damaged. This damage allows protein normally kept in the plasma to leak into the urine in large amounts, which reduces the amount of protein in your blood.
Patient.info Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment information
Kidney stones can form in the kidney, in the tube draining urine from the kidney (the ureter) or in the bladder. They can be many different sizes and shapes. The size of kidney stones ranges from tiny microscopic crystals to stones as large as potatoes.
National Kidney Foundation Detecting Kidney and Urinary Tract abnormalities before birth
Ultrasound examinations are often done as part of prenatal care. This test allows the doctor to examine babies before they are born. With ultrasound, the doctor can see the baby's internal organs, including the kidneys and urinary bladder. Occasionally, an abnormality is detected in the developing urinary tract.
Urology at UCLA Hydronephrosis in children and infants.
Antenatal hydronephrosis, the most common urological problem found during prenatal ultrasound screening, refers to the fluid-filled enlargement of the kidney as a result of obstruction in its output of urine. It is usually detected in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, though it can also be discovered later in the pregnancy or after birth.

4. Organizations and Associations

HealthFinder.gov American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP)
The American Association of Kidney Patients is a voluntary patient organization, which has been dedicated to improving the lives of fellow kidney patients and their families by helping them deal with the physical, emotional and social impact of kidney disease for more than 40 years.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Renal Glycosuria
Renal Glycosuria, also known as Renal Glucosuria, is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is eliminated (excreted) in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels.
American Society of Nephrology ASN: Leading the fight against Kidney Diseases
ASN leads the fight to prevent, treat, and cure kidney diseases throughout the world by educating health professionals and scientists, advancing research and innovation, communicating new knowledge, and advocating for the highest quality care for patients.
American Kidney Fund Reaching Out, Giving Hope, Improving Lives
The American Kidney Fund (AKF) is dedicated to ensuring that every kidney patient has access to health care, and that every person at risk for kidney disease is empowered to prevent it.
The Renal Association The professional body for the United Kingdom Nephrologist and Renal Scientist in the UK.
From its foundation in 1950, the Renal Association has been active in promoting and disseminating research that may ultimately improve outcomes for patients with kidney disease.
American Organ Transplant Association Helping transplant patients lead happy and productive lives by helping them obtain and sustain transplantation.
Since 1986, the American Organ Transplant Association (AOTA) has been helping patients with free transportation to and from their transplant center, many times hundreds of miles away. AOTA also provides transplant patients and their loved ones with resources regarding transplantation.
Kidney Cancer Association Information, assistance, research, and more.
The Kidney Cancer Association (KCA) is a charitable organization made up of patients, family members, physicians, researchers, and other health professionals globally. It is the world’s first international charity dedicated specifically to the eradication of death and suffering from renal cancers.
Action To Cure Kidney Cancer (ACKC) Genesis of ACKC.
In 2003, a group of kidney cancer survivors and caregivers, concerned about inadequate government and private funding for kidney cancer research, established a new not-for-profit advocacy organization. We called ourselves initially the Kidney Cancer Coalition (KCC) but subsequently changed it to Action to Cure Kidney Cancer (ACKC).

5. Kidney Research

University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Artificial Kidney Research advances through NCSF collaboration.
Development of a surgically implantable, artificial kidney – a promising alternative to kidney transplantation or dialysis for people with end-stage kidney disease.
LiveScience.com Growing Human Kidneys in rats sparks ethical debate.
Researchers say they have developed a new technique that will get more kidneys to people who need transplants, but the method is sure to be controversial.
Public Broadcasting Atlanta Scientist grow primitive Human Kidneys in a dish.
For the first time, primitive human kidneys have been created in a laboratory dish, by using stem cells.
National Kidney Foundation Animal research essential in fight against Kidney Disease.
Prior to the 1960’s kidney disease was almost uniformly fatal and resulted in the death of about 20,000 Americans annually, making it the fourth leading cause of death among young adults. During the past two decades dramatic progress has been made in both treatment and prevention of kidney failure.
Kidney Research UK Statement on the use of human tissue in research.
We are commited to understanding the causes of, and treatments for, kidney disease, and to making life better for the millions of patients suffering from it. Our mission is therefore to fund life-saving research into kidney disease, but in so doing, to ensure that it is conducted responsibly and to the highest standards. This particularly applies to research involving the use of human tissue.
National Kidney Foundation (NKF) NKF-Supported Research: Mini-Kidney Organoids from stem cells recreate Human Disease in a dish.
Using kidney organoids grown from stem cells and gene editing, scientists have for the first time re-created human kidney disease in a petri dish. The findings pave the way for personalized kidney regeneration and drug discovery.
UT Southwestern Medical Center George M. O'Brien Kidney Research Center
The overall goal of the Center is to support research in the areas of kidney development and genetics, renal physiology, and chronic kidney disease that is conducted at UT Southwestern, neighboring institutions in North Texas, and the greater nephrology community in the U.S. and worldwide.
Medical News Today Researchers investigate the use of pig kidneys for human transplant.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, around 96,645 patients in the US are awaiting kidney transplants as a result of kidney failure. However, less than 17,000 kidney transplantations are carried out each year due to a shortage of donors. But a new option could soon be available - in the form of pig kidneys.
Stanford Medicine Researchers discover that adult kidneys constantly grow and remodel themselves, and how they do it.
It has long been thought that the kidney cells didn’t reproduce much once the organ was fully formed. The new research shows that the kidneys are regenerating and repairing themselves throughout life.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) Kidney Disease
The Harvard Stem Cell Institute is developing new therapies to repair kidney damage, reducing the need for dialysis and transplantation.
Medical Daily Kidney Harvested From Aborted Human Fetus Grown In Rat: An End To Organ Donor Shortage, Scientists Say
In a new study, scientists debut a technique for growing a human kidney, obtained from an aborted human fetus, inside a rat. This new rat model would be “perfect” for drug testing “because the animals are smaller and cheaper, making them scalable for pharmacological testing.
KidneyPatientGuide.org What's happening in renal research?
There is a lot of active research going on to help patients with kidney disease.
Nephcure Kidney International Innovations for End-Stage renal patients
The lab at UCSF is heading a project on a small, implantable artificial kidney, and NephCure had the chance to hold a Q&A with The Kidney Project to hear all about this project. It could be a game-changer for patients in need of dialysis.
CNN.com Could wearable "Artificial Kidney" free patients of big Dialysis Machines?
A small, experimental wearable device has moved a step closer to helping patients who rely on kidney dialysis, according to a report.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

DaVita.com Support Groups for people living with Kidney Disease
Talking to others who are also going through chronic kidney disease (CKD) or dialysis can be a much-needed opportunity to vent, share information, get advice and receive and provide support.
American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP) Renal Support Groups: Listed by State and City.
Support groups for patients dealing with kidney disease are a growing need in many communities. The exchange of information and important patient-to-patient collaboration that occurs within a support group is one of the most valuable elements of patient participation.
DailyStrength.org Polycystic Kidney Disease Support Group
Free, anonymous support from people just like you.
HealthFinder.gov Support Groups: How do I find a local Support Group?
Many people find peer support a helpful tool that can aid in their recovery. Find a listing of organizations that offer support groups for consumers, their family members and friends.
Kidney Patient Guide Forum Public forum for anyone affected by Kidney Disease
Anyone can read the board postings but you will need to register to make any posts and use the other features such as private messaging.
eHealthForum.com Kidney Conditions Forum
A health community featuring member and doctor discussions ranging from a specific symptom to related conditions, treatment options, medication, side effects, diet, and emotional issues surrounding medical conditions.
Renal Support Network (RSN) An illness is to demanding when you don't have hope.
Renal Support Network (RSN) is a nonprofit, patient-focused, patient-run organization that provides non-medical services to those affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD).
MDJunction.com Dialysis Support Group
A community of patients, family members and friends dedicated to dealing with Dialysis, together.
TransplantLiving.org Support Groups
Transplant patients and their families can gain support from many different types of groups, including group gatherings, educational programs, one-on-one support, social activities, newsletters, written materials, Internet groups, and talking on the telephone.
TransplantFriends.com Support for giving life
Our Transplant Friends community mission is to provide a unique and personal point of view for those pre and post transplant patients/families who are traveling down the road to transplant. Join us, seek support and be a shining light that will lead a friend through a difficult time.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

National Kidney Foundation Organ donation and transplantation Statistics
There are currently 121,678 people waiting for lifesaving organ transplants in the U.S. Of these, 100,791 await kidney transplants. (as of 1/11/16).
WebMD Quiz: Multiple Choice
How well do you know your Kidneys?
MedIndia.net Quiz on The Kidney
How healthy are your kidneys? Is it possible to lead healthy lives with just a single kidney? Learn more by taking part in this quiz.
Kids Health What are the Kidneys?
Your kidneys are two of the most important organs in your body. They filter your blood and help get rid of waste products from your body.
LiveScience.com Kidneys: Facts, Function, and diseases
Most people have two kidneys. They are bean-shaped organs located on both sides of the spine, behind the stomach. Each one is about the size of an adult fist.
National Foundation for Transplants (NFT) Facts about organ donation.
NFT offers hope and help to transplant patients and their families by:
- providing fundraising expertise and advocacy,
- promoting organ and tissue donation, and
- supporting innovative solutions for lifesaving treatment.
American Transplant Foundation Facts and Myths about organ transplants.
More than 123,000 people in the United States are currently on the waiting list for a lifesaving organ transplant.
Oxford Journals Rejection rates in kidney transplant patients with and without IgA nephropathy.
Based on graft survival rates it as been that patients with IgA nephropathy have a reduced risk of rejection after kidney transplantation.
We wanted to evaluate this hypothesis.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Kidney disease statistics for the United States
These statistics convey the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Based on these statistics, researchers can estimate the size of the ESRD population in years to come and gauge the need for resources such as dialysis and transplant clinics to treat the growing ESRD population.
UpToDate.com Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In the United States, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing. The number of patients enrolled in the ESRD Medicare-funded program has increased from approximately 10,000 beneficiaries in 1973 to 615,899 as of December 31, 2011.
Modern Healthcare Dialysis demand strong as Kidney Disease grows.
Demand for kidney dialysis is expected to increase in the U.S. as the elderly population grows and the prevalence of chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease rises.

8. Resources for Kidney Disorders and Conditions

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP).
Improving the understanding, detection, and management of kidney disease.
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) List of many resources
Learn more about organ donation and transplantation by selecting a resource.
National Kidney Center Other Resources
Here are some helpful online support resources.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Research Core Resources
The PKD Research Biomaterials and Cellular Models Core at the University of Kansas Medical Center has a new website (www.kumc.edu/pkdbiomaterials). This Core is a resource for human PKD materials, including fixed and frozen tissues, cyst fluids and primary cells isolated from cysts of human PKD kidneys.
DaVita.com Kidney and Dialysis Related Websites
A wealth of resources are available to help you on your quest to learn more about chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis. Here are several categories with links to other exceptional organizations that help those with kidney disease.
Renal Support Network (RSN) National Patient Resources
Renal Support Network (RSN) values people with kidney disease and helps them become self-sufficient through education, advocacy and employment resources.
American Cancer Society More information from your American Cancer Society
Here is more information you might find helpful. You also can order free copies of our documents from our toll-free number, 1-800-227-2345, or read them on our website, www.cancer.org.
MedlinePlus Kidney Disease: Resources
These organizations are good resources for information on kidney disease.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Library of resources for Chronic Diseases and related conditions.
The AHRQ Library of Resources for Chronic Diseases and Related Conditions offers important research updates and educational information to help with the management of diseases and conditions.
Kidney Cancer Association Financial Assistance
Do you need help paying for medical expenses? Are you feeling overwhelmed by normal daily tasks, because of your disease? Help is just a mouse-click away.
CancerCare.org Kidney Cancer
CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by kidney cancer, as well as kidney cancer treatment information and additional resources.
The University of Kansas Cancer Center Bladder and Kidney Cancer Resources and Links
Offering all cancer patients an array of support services during treatment and recovery.

The Eyes - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Eyes

LiveScience.com How the Human Eye works.
The human eye belongs to a general group of eyes found in nature called "camera-type eyes." Just as a camera lens focuses light onto film, a structure in the eye called the cornea focuses light onto a light-sensitive membrane called the retina.
AllAboutVision.com Human Eye Anatomy: Parts of the Eye.
The human eye has been called the most complex organ in our body. It's amazing that something so small can have so many working parts. But when you consider how difficult the task of providing vision really is, perhaps it's no wonder after all.
National Keratoconus Foundation How doe's the human eye work?
To understand Keratoconus, we must first understand how the eye enables us to see, and what role the cornea plays in this process.
American Foundation for the Blind(AFB The Human Eye, its functions, and visual impairment
The human eye can be compared to a camera which gathers, focuses, and transmits light through a lens to create an image of the environment. In a camera, the image is created on film; in the eye, the image is created on the retina, a thin layer of light sensitive cells at the back of the eye. The lens of the eye bends, or refracts, light that enters the eye.
Eye Institute The Eye
The eye is one of the most complex organisms in the human body – second only to the brain. Despite being just over two centimetres in diameter, human eyes have over 2 million moving parts. They can distinguish over 500 shades of grey, and over 2.7 million colours.
Science Kids Eye Facts
Although we can function without sight, we rely heavily on vision to live our everyday lives. Enjoy these interesting facts about the human eye and how they differ from that of other animals.
BBC.com What are the limits of human vision?
From spotting galaxies millions of light years away to perceiving invisible colours, Adam Hadhazy explains why your eyes can do incredible things.
ACLens.com Eye Color Guide: The Most Common Eye Colors
The human eye is both beautiful and unique. Much like a fingerprint, each individual's eye color is specific only to them, with no others sharing the same shape, color and appearance. So what eye colors are the most common, and which are the rarest?
AllAboutVision.com Human Eye Color Chart
Mouse over the color you want to see displayed in the graphic, which will also show you a fun fact about that eye color.
WebMD Your guide to how the eye sees
Travel inside the eyes -- our window to the world -- and learn how they allow us to see objects both near and far.
AllAboutVision.com Eye problems and diseases
Have questions about an eye condition or vision problem? Browse our extensive list of doctor-written and doctor-reviewed articles for reliable, easy-to-understand information.
National Eye Institute (NEI) Common vision problems
The most common vision problems are refractive errors, more commonly known as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism and presbyopia. Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina.
MedicineNet.com Many americans miss the mark on eye diseases and conditions.
These 23 slides take a look at some of the signs and symptoms of some of the most common eye diseases.
Huffpost Healthy Living 20 Things you probably didn't know about your eyes.
Eyes may be the windows to the soul, but how much do you really know about them?

2. Eye Diseases

American Optometric Association Glossary of all eye and vision conditions
A listing of the conditions with a brief description each and a link to a page with more information about that condition.
AllAboutVision.com Eye problems an diseases
Have questions about an eye condition or vision problem? Browse our extensive list of doctor-written and doctor-reviewed articles for reliable, easy-to-understand information.
WebMD Common eye problems.
You're more likely to have some of these eye problems as you get older, but they can affect anyone at any age.
Eye Institution About The Eye
The eye is one of the most complex organisms in the human body – second only to the brain. Despite being just over two centimetres in diameter, human eyes have over 2 million moving parts. They can distinguish over 500 shades of grey, and over 2.7 million colours.
ScienceDaily.com Cats eye diseases genetically linked to eye diseases in humans.
About one in 3,500 people are affected with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease of the retina's visual cells that eventually leads to blindness. Now researchers have identified a genetic link between cats and humans for two different forms of RP. This discovery will help scientists develop gene-based therapies that will benefit both cats and humans.
National Eye Institute (NEI) Facts about the Cornea and Corneal Disease.
The cornea is the eye’s outermost layer. It is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye.
AllAboutVision.com Keratoconus, causes, symptoms, and Nine Treatment Options.
Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. This cone shape deflects light as it enters the eye on its way to the light-sensitive retina, causing distorted vision.
Keratoconus can occur in one or both eyes and often begins during a person's teens or early 20s.
National Keratoconus Foundation (NKCF) Corneal Transtlants
Although only 15-20% of those with keratoconus ultimately require corneal transplant surgery, for those who do, it is a crucial and sometimes frightening decision.
National Federation of the Blind (NFB) Commn eye conditions and causes of Blindness in the United States.
This article includes information on only the most commonly encountered eye conditions, and it reduces a great deal of medical and technical detail to language understandable to the lay inquirer. Many medical facts have, in the interest of clarity and brevity, been simplified.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Corneal Ulcer Diagnosis
Your Eye M.D. will use a special dye called fluorescein (pronounced FLOR-uh-seen) to illuminate any damage to your cornea then examine your cornea using a special microscope called a slit lamp.
Mayo Clinic Fuchs' Dystrophy
Fuchs' (fooks) dystrophy affects the cornea — the clear front window of your eye. This disorder causes swelling in the cornea that can lead to glare, cloudy vision and eye discomfort.
AllAboutVision.com corneal Abrasion: How to treat a scratched eye
A corneal abrasion (scratched cornea or scratched eye) is one of the most common eye injuries. A scratched cornea often causes significant discomfort, red eyes and hypersensitivity to light.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Eyes

HealthLine.com 56 Causes of eye disorders
The eyes are complex organs, with many parts that must work together to produce clear vision. Here are 56 causes (with a picture and brief description of each), click on the picture for more information.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Eye Health A - Z.
Diseases and Conditions, Treatments and Surgeries, Drugs, and Eye Anatomy. Choose as many as you want and get the information you are looking for.
Centers for Control and Prevention (CDC) Vision Health Initiative (VHI): Common Eye Disorders
The leading causes of blindness and low vision in the United States are primarily age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
SkinSight.com Common Eye Problems
The eye, like most all other parts of the body, is subject to a variety of conditions that fall under the following categories: infection (eg, caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi), inflammation, injury (trauma), heredity, aging changes, and degeneration.
HealthLine.com What causes blindness? 23 Possible conditions.
Blindness is the inability to see anything, even light. If you are partially blind, you have limited vision. Complete blindness means that you cannot see at all and are in total darkness. Legal blindness refers to vision that is highly compromised.
See a list of possible causes in order from the most common to the least.
Cleveland Clinic Inherited Eye Disease
Genetic factors play a role in many kinds of eye disease, including those diseases that are the leading cause of blindness among infants, children and adults.
Foundation Fighting Blindness Genetics 101: How some Retinal Diseases are inherited.
Long before the advent of genetic testing, or even knowledge of DNA and RNA, astute observers noticed that many traits were passed from one generation to another. But it still can be difficult to understand why some people inherit a genetic disease and others do not. Also, it’s often not clear which family members are at risk of inheriting a condition.
Eye Physicians Common childhood eye problems
Ophthalmologists have long recognized that children’s eyes are unique and quite different from adult eyes. Parents should be on the lookout for a number of conditions that can develop throughout a child’s life.
AgingCare.com The 4 most common age related eye diseases.
By age 65, 1-in-3 Americans have some form of vision-impairing eye disease. There are four major Age Related Eye Diseases (AREDs) — Glaucoma, Cataracts, Age Related Macular Degeneration, and Diabetic Retinopathy that affect seniors.
American Optometric Association Adult Vision: Over 60 years of age
It's a fact of life that vision changes occur as you get older. But these changes don't have to compromise your lifestyle. Knowing what to expect and when to seek professional care are important steps to safeguarding your vision.
NIH: MedlinePlus Leading causes of blindness
Cataracts are a clouding of the lenses in your eyes. They affect vision and are very common in older people. More than 22 million Americans have cataracts. They are the leading cause of blindness in the world. By age 80, more than half of all people in the United States either will have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.
MedScape.com What the eyes tell you: 17 Abnormalities of the Lens.
Lens abnormalities of the human eye may be caused by conditions that affect not only the eyes but potentially other parts of the body. The human eye normally contains a clear lens that helps to focus light rays onto the retina.

4. Organizations and Associations

Humanitarian Eye Care Organizations All About Vision: Help people see and cope with vision loss.
The 24 organizations listed here help to bring eye care to underserved regions and/or segments of the population with vision challenges. These entities recognize the educational value of All About Vision by linking to the appropriate pages of the website.
National Eye Institute Eye Health Organizations Database
Welcome to our eye health organizations database. This tool can help you find sources of eye health-related information for the public. Many of these organizations can also refer you to resources in your local area.
American Macular Degeneration Foundation (AMDF) Saving sight through Research and Education.
The American Macular Degeneration Foundation (AMDF) is here to help you learn about and live with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), offering you healthy living tips, the latest information, and ways to honor those touched by macular disease, while supporting researchers working to prevent, treat and cure macular degeneration and Stargardt disease
eyeSight International Service, Intercommunication, Guidance, Hope, Transition.
eyeSIGHT is a non-governmental and non-profit international organization dedicated to human eyes. eyeSIGHT INTERNATIONAL is committed to the global effort for treating and preventing sight dysfunction. We work to provide and establish a more personal, direct link between international communities, professionals, and those in need.
Georgia Lions Lighthouse Foundation Better Vision. Better Hearing. Better Georgia
The Georgia Lions Lighthouse Foundation has served as a beacon of hope to many for 66 years. We are the only statewide provider of comprehensive vision and hearing services to underinsured Georgians, providing eyeglasses, exams, surgeries, and hearing aids to people of all ages. With the help of our medical partners and volunteers, the Lighthouse provides over 15,000 services annually.
Wiley Online Library Association of common variants in the human eyes shut ortholog (EYS) with statin-induced myopathy: Evidence for additional functions of EYS.
Of the nearly 38 million people in the USA who receive statin therapy, 0.1-0.5% experience severe or life-threatening myopathic side effects.
Association for Psychological Science Observer: Eye Tuned
Designed to raise awareness about the prevention and treatment of eye disorders, the project emphasizes how our peepers can reveal health risks that may lie dormant and otherwise undetectable for years.
American Optometric Association (AOA) About the American Optometric Association (AOA)
The American Optometric Association represents approximately 39,000 doctors of optometry, optometry students and paraoptometric assistants and technicians. Optometrists serve patients in nearly 6,500 communities across the country, and in 3,500 of those communities are the only eye doctors. Doctors of optometry provide two-thirds of all primary eye care in the United States.
Optometry Cares: AOA Foundation 2015 HEHP State Association Grants
For years the American Optometric Association (AOA) has been supporting charitable efforts relating to eye health and vision care. For this reason alone, it was evident that the AOA should have its own foundation. Optometry Cares – The AOA Foundation is committed to the mission – expanding eye health and vision care access to everyone in the U.S. in order to enhance human performance and quality of life.

5. Eyes Research

National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) Eye Banks: Why Support Research
Researchers investigating a wide range of blinding eye diseases and disorders rely on donated human eyes and eye tissues for their research. Progress in treating cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy and other eye disorders hinges on access to both normal and diseased human eyes or eye tissues.
National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) Eye Research: Ocular Histological Sections Project
With support from the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health, NDRI has historically provided the eye research community with high quality whole eyes, posterior poles and a variety of ocular parts, recovered using customized researcher protocols. Demand from researchers for high quality, low-PMI normal and diseased eyes has continued to increase and NDRI has been evaluating ways to make a broad array of ocular tissues available to the widest possible spectrum of eye researchers.
Nature.com Biologist grow human eye precursor from stem cells.
A stem-cell biologist has had an eye-opening success in his latest effort to mimic mammalian organ development in vitro. Yoshiki Sasai of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CBD) in Kobe, Japan, has grown the precursor of a human eye in the lab.
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (IOVS) Declining availability of human eye tissues for research.
Research in modern investigative ophthalmology and vision science has two fundamental uses for human tissues: laboratory studies of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology, genomics, and proteomics, and ophthalmic device research and development.
Popular Photography New research shows human can detect individual light particles.
The human eye is a pretty useful tool when it comes to shooting photos and a new study from scientists at the University of Illinois just revealed how powerful our peepers are. Although humans don’t have the ability to see in total darkness a group of scientists has discovered that it only takes three particles of light for the rods in our eyes to activate.
TribLive.com Pittsburgh research team sets sights on human eye transplant.
An international team of researchers based at the University of Pittsburgh has begun a once-unthinkable campaign to transplant the human eye and restore sight for tens of millions of people.
ScienceAlert.com Scientist have figured out how to inject human eyes with night vision.
A team of biochemical researchers in the US has figured out how to give a human volunteer night vision, allowing him to see across a distance of over 50 metres in total darkness for several hours.
ScienceDaily.com Blue eyed humans have a single, common ancestor
New research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. Scientists have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6,000-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye color of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today.
St. Michael's Hospital Human Eye Biobank
The Human Eye Biobank for Research (HEBR) makes human eye tissue accessible to scientists around the world. It supports investigation into human eye diseases to stimulate discoveries to prevent blindness.
The Jackson Laboratory Eye Mutant Resource
We describe mouse models for ocular research available from The Jackson Laboratory and provide continuing results from a Jackson Laboratory screening program to identify genes and new mutations that affect vision.
Elsevier Journals Most downloaded vision research articles
The most downloaded articles from ScienceDirect in the last 90 days.
Vision Research Pioneering experiments in the living eye
The light sensitive tissue of the human eye, the retina, is lined by roughly 130 Million photoreceptor cells. Scientists at the University of Bonn, University of California, Berkeley and University of Alabama at Birmingham were now able to target and stimulate individual photoreceptors – cell by cell – for the first time.
National Eye Institute (NEI) Challenge to identify audacious goals in Vision Research and Blindness
NEI is one of 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health, a component of the Department of Health and Human Services. NEI is the principal U.S. government agency that supports vision research, both in its own labs and in universities and research facilities throughout the U.S. and around the world.
LiveScience.com How far can the human eye see?
The Earth's surface curves out of sight at a distance of 3.1 miles, or 5 kilometers. But our visual acuity extends far beyond the horizon.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

VisionAware.org Support Groups and other resources
If you've been diagnosed with an eye condition, have a family member who has, or have become a caregiver, joining a support group may be the most important thing you'll ever do. Whether online or in your local community, such groups offer the opportunity to talk to others, share common concerns, frustrations, and stories, and find solutions to your vision-related difficulties.
For more information on support groups, you may want to read Support Groups and the Adjustment Process.
Check out Finding Support Groups for more information including links to directory listings of support groups.
Enrichment Audio Resource Services, Inc (E.A.R.S) Directory of Low Vision Support Groups
This is a nationwide state-by-state, county-by-county Directory of Low Vision Support Groups. To locate a local group near you click here. Or, go to the page and continue reading to learn what Low Vision Support Groups are, and what they do.
Patient Care Kellogg Eye Center: Join a Support Group at Kellogg
If you’re looking to connect with others who share similar experiences, attend one of Kellogg’s vision support groups. These groups have been organized to provide information and support to patients, and their families, who are living with various visual impairments.
Daily Strength.org Other eye problems support group
Free, anonymous support from people just like you.
eHealth Forum Vision and Eye Disorders Forum.
Welcome to the Vision and Eye Disorders Forum - a health community featuring member and doctor discussions ranging from a specific symptom to related conditions, treatment options, medication, side effects, diet, and emotional issues surrounding medical conditions.
The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation A patient education and mutual support resource.
Our mission is to educate patients, their family members and friends, and the medical community about ocular inflammatory disease and to facilitate the exchange of information, emotional support, and mutual aid between members.
LostEye.com Discussion and support for those who have lost an eye to whatever cause or have Monocular Vision.
Since I started this website, there has been a slowly growing recognition of the need for support for persons who are about to lose an eye, or have lost an eye (although the people who have lost an eye quickly figure out that it is only an inconvenience, and really only need support in the way that they are perceived by others).
LivingWithTN.org We are patients living with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), here for your support.
A forum to discuss eye pain and other eye problems or conditions and how they may relate to Trigeminal Neuralgia.
Caring.com Caring for a senior with vision problems
Age-related macular degeneration is a disease that manifests at the back of the eye in a place called the macula, which is the central part of the retina. This groups is for those who care for some with vision problems.
Hormone Health Network Graves' Disease and Thyroid Foundation
The Graves’ Disease & Thyroid Foundation provides evidence-based educational and support services for patients and caregivers impacted by Graves’ disease, thyroid eye disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and related disorders.
UCSF Medical Center Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Support Group
The Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Support Group of the F.I. Proctor Foundation at UCSF is a patient education and support resource to educate patients, family members and friends as well as the medical community about ocular inflammatory disease and to facilitate the exchange of information and emotional support.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

VSP.com Eyes: 15 Facts you probably don't know about them.
You’ve had your peepers since you were born, so you may think you know them pretty well, but here are some fun facts you may not know about eyes.
BuzzFeed.com 14 Unbelievable facts about the human eye.
A brief description and image with each fact.
National Eye Institute Facts about Color Blindness
Most of us share a common color vision sensory experience. Some people, however, have a color vision deficiency, which means their perception of colors is different from what most of us see. The most severe forms of these deficiencies are referred to as color blindness.
SoftSchools.com Quiz: Anatomy of the eye.
The eye is a complex organ composed of many parts. Good vision depends on the way in which those parts work together. It is helpful to understand how the eye works. Take this quiz to "see" how much you know about the anatomy of the eye!
FunTrivia.com Our Eyes: 15 Multiple choice trivia questions quiz
The human eye is among the most complex and versatile optical instruments (whether natural or human made) found on earth. Take this quiz and see what you know about this remarkable photoreceptor organ which most of us are fortunate enough to possess.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Eye Health Statistics
Topics are:
- Eye Diseases
- Visual Impairment and Blindness
- Refractive Errors
- Eye Injuries
- Ophthalmologist
Cancer.net Eye Cancer: Statistics
ON THIS PAGE: You will find information about how many people are diagnosed with this type of cancer each year and some general survival information. Remember, survival rates depend on several factors.
Glaucoma Research Foundation (GRF) Glaucoma Facts and Statistics
Glaucoma is a very misunderstood disease. Often, people don't realize the severity or who is affected.
TedMontgomery.com Eye Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology Quizzes
Here are links to three (3) quizzes, each with 10 questions about the human eye.
The Princeton Eye Group Eye trivia and interesting eye facts
While putting together our new redesigned site, we asked our doctors for facts and trivia about eyes. You’ll find them scattered all around the site, but here are a few extra ones you may find interesting.
The Mind Unleashed Science: Your eye color reveals a lot about you.
They say the eyes are a window to the soul, but they can also be a window to your genes. Did you know that no two people have the ‘exact’ same eye color? Or that every person with blue eyes can be traced back to the same ancestor that lived in the black sea region about 10,000 years ago?
American Academy of Ophthalmology US Eye Disease Statistics.
Visual impairment is a national and global health concern that has a negative impact on physical and mental health. Visually impaired individuals are at particularly high risk for chronic health conditions, accidents, social withdrawal, depression, and mortality. The number of people with visual impairment and blindness is increasing due to an overall aging population.

8. Resources for Eye Disorders and Conditions

Association of Vision Science Librarians (AVSL) Eye Resources on the Internet.
This site was compiled on behalf of the Association of Vision Science Librarians and is maintained by Trish Duffel at the University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. The Internet is in a state of constant change. While all care has been taken to verify the existence of each of these on the date of compilation and during updating of the list, some of these sites may have moved or ceased to exist.
We attempt, on this page, to select sites about the eye and vision. While a few exceptions have been made, we try to include vision science, eye health, and related sites only. This is a very long A-Z list.
EyeWiki Genetic Eye Disease Related Terms and Resources.
Page Contents:
- Introduction
- Definitions of Common Genetic Terms
- Table1. Comparison of Selected Genetic Tests
- Genetic Resources
- References
National Eye Institute (NEI) Diabetic Eye Disease Resources
For information about diabetic retinopathy or diabetes, you may wish to contact these 13 resources. Listed if available are: Postal mail address, Phone, Fax, Email, and Website URL.
Provincial Resource Centre for the Visually Impaired Eye conditions and information
This page provides basic information about numerous eye conditions including a description, associated vision loss, accommodations and implications for learning.
American Optometric Association Resources for teachers
Teachers should be aware that good vision is a foundation for children being fit, healthy and ready to learn. Teachers should know that two in five children have vision conditions which affect learning.
GriswoldHome Care.com Low Vision and Eye Problems Resources
Griswold Home Care presents a list of informational resources detailing common eye problems and vision ailments faced by elderly adults. Learning the warning signs of more serious ocular disorders can help stave off the devastating effects of loss of vision.
WebMD Eye health resources
A short partial list of common resources.
YouAndEyes.com Patient Resources: Vision Information.
Frequently asked questions and answers, also some links to sites where you can find additional information.
AllAboutVision.com Vision Resources
This section contains interesting articles, checklists, charts and videos about vision and eye health. You can find hundreds of eye- and vision-related definitions in our glossary, explore our human eye anatomy chart, download brochures on the most popular eye health topics, and more.
VisionLossResources.org Common Eye Diseases.
The mission of Vision Loss Resources is to create a community of services, skills and support for people with vision loss.
Glaucoma Research Foundation Low Vision Resources
Some people with glaucoma have "low vision." Low vision means there may be problems doing daily, routine things even if using glasses or contact lenses.

The Intestines - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Intestines

InnerBody.com The Intestines
The intestines are vital organs in the gastrointestinal tract of our digestive system. Their functions are to digest food and to enable the nutrients released from that food to enter into the bloodstream. Our intestines consist of two major subdivisions: the small intestine and the large intestine. The small intestine is much smaller in diameter, but is much longer and more massive than the large intestine.
HealthLine.com Small Intestine Function.
The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Together with the esophagus, large intestine, and the stomach, it forms the gastrointestinal tract. In living humans, the small intestine alone measures about 6 to 7 meters long.
Science Learning Large Intestine Function.
The 4 major functions of the large intestine are:
1. reabsorption of water and mineral ions such as sodium and chloride
2. formation and temporary storage of faeces
3. maintaining a resident population of over 500 species of bacteria
4. bacterial fermentation of indigestible materials.
Cancer Research UK What is Bowel Cancer
Bowel cancer means cancer that starts in the colon (large bowel) or rectum (back passage). It is also known as colorectal cancer.
Patient.info The Gut
Here is a brief overview of the gut (gastrointestinal tract) and how the gut works.
Medscape 12 Common Intestinal Parasites
Parasitic intestinal infection with helminths and/or protozoa can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not recognized and treated appropriately. Although such conditions are typically thought of as diseases of the developing world, increasing worldwide travel and immigration will increase the numbers of cases diagnosed within the United States.
Scientific American Worms "N" Us: A look at 8 parasitic worms that live in humans.
Take a trip through Scientific American's Worm Gallery and meet the charming, slinky creatures that turn your innards into their home sweet home. A Slideshow of 8 images.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Parasites: Ascariasis - General Information and FAQ's
Ascaris is an intestinal parasite of humans. It is the most common human worm infection. The larvae and adult worms live in the small intestine and can cause intestinal disease.
MedlinePlus Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a problem that affects the large intestine. It can cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and a change in bowel habits. Some people with the disorder have constipation. Some have diarrhea. Others go back and forth between the two. Although IBS can cause a great deal of discomfort, it does not harm the intestines.
Transplant Living Intestine Transplant
Although it is possible for a living donor to donate an intestine segment, most intestine transplants involve a whole organ from a deceased donor. In addition, most intestine transplants are performed in conjunction with a liver transplant.
LifeScript.com Normal anatomy of the Large and Small Intestine picture photo.
Normal Anatomy Of The Large And Small Intestine picture photo as referenced in Angiodysplasia of the Colon. Read more about this medical topic here: www.lifescript.com/health/a-z/ conditions_a-z/conditions/a/angiodysplasia_of_the_colon.aspx.
Science Learning Healthy Gut Bacteria
For most of the time, the population of bacteria in the large intestine lives in balance within its confines. The relationship that exists between the body and its resident bacterial population is a symbiotic one where both parties benefit from the relationship.
American Cancer Society Small Intestine Cancer
If you have small intestine cancer or are close to someone who does, knowing what to expect can help you cope. Here you can find out all about small intestine cancer, including risk factors, symptoms, how it is found, and how it is treated.

2. Intestines Diseases

MedicineNet.com Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), (Intestinal Problems of IBD).
The intestinal complications of IBD are caused by intestinal inflammation that is severe, widespread, chronic, and/or extends beyond the inner lining (mucosa) of the intestines.
Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Infections of the Small Intestine
The major function of the small intestine is to digest, absorb and propel food along its length. Most clinically important infections of the small intestine will interfere with these functions.
LiveScience.com Digestive System: Facts, Function, and Diseases.
The human digestive system is a series of organs that converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body and eliminates unused waste material. It is essential to good health because if the digestive system shuts down, the body cannot be nourished or rid itself of waste.
Disabled World Gastrointestinal: Disorders, Facts, and Information.
Information on disorders of the human digestive system including crohns disease and heartburn facts.
Mayo Clinic Salmonella Infection
Salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.
LiveScience.com Colon (Large Intestine): Facts, Function, and Diseases.
The body has two types of intestines. The small intestine is connected to the stomach and handles the middle part of the digestion process. The large intestine, also called the colon, is part of the final stages of digestion. It is a large tube that escorts waste from the body.
MedicineNet.com Colitis (Types)
Colitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) What are Crohn's and Colitis?
Learning that you or your loved one has been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis may fill you with anxiety, concern, and lots of questions. Even many health care professionals are unfamiliar with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
LiveStrong.com Bowel Infection Symptoms
Infection of the bowels is a common problem that can arise from a virus, bacteria or a multitude of disorders.
Better Health Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis occurs when small defects in the muscle of the wall of the large intestine or colon allow small pockets or pouches (diverticula) to form. Diverticulitis is infection or inflammation of these abnormal pouches. Together, these conditions are called diverticular disease.
Medscape Intestinal Motility Disorders
The phrase intestinal motility disorders applies to abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis.
American Physiological Society (APS) Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease.
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Supplements Methanogens in Human Health and Disease.
This article was published as part of a supplement sponsored by the Gi Health Foundation, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) educational organization dedicated to increasing awareness of the effect of gastrointestinal disorders in the United States.
Patient.info Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is also known as Bilharzia. It is a tropical disease caused by a parasitic infection with worms from the Schistosomatidae family. A parasite is an animal that lives on or in another animal and feeds from it.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Intestines

Cleveland Clinic Gastrointestinal Functional Disorders
- Functional disorders are those in which the bowel looks normal but doesn't work properly. They are the most common problems affecting the colon and rectum.
Medscape.com Intestinal Motility Disorders
The phrase Intestinal Motility disorders applies to abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis.
International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD) Motility Disorders of the Stomach
One function of the stomach is to grind food into smaller particles and mix it with digestive juices so the food can be absorbed when it reaches the small intestine. The stomach normally empties its contents into the intestine at a controlled rate.
California Pacific Medical Center (CMPC) Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Gut Motility
At California Pacific Medical Center we are committed to bringing new and advanced diagnostic tools, medical treatments, and surgical options to the physicians we serve and the patients they care for.
Encyclopedia Britannica Human Digestive System Disease
A wide variety of diseases and disorders occur in the large intestine. Abnormal rotation of the colon is fairly frequent and occasionally leads to disorders.
Human Diseases and Conditions Intestinal Infections
As the name indicates, intestinal infections affect the gastrointestinal tract, often causing diarrhea. Gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, frequently accompanies such infections.
WomensHealth.gov Inflammatory bowel disease fact sheet
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the name of a group of disorders in which the intestines (small and large intestines or bowels) become inflamed (red and swollen).
University of California San Francisco Intestinal Transplantation
An intestinal transplant is a last-resort treatment option for patients with intestinal failure who develop life-threatening complications.
Cancer Tutor Colon, Stomach, Esophageal, and Rectal Cancers
The first thing a colon cancer or stomach cancer patient needs to understand is that the “cure rate” of orthodox medicine for these two kinds of cancer is virtually zero. Even the “cure rate” for alternative cancer treatments is significantly lower than for most other kinds of cancer.
American Cancer Society Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) occur in the stomach or small intestine. These tumors might not cause any symptoms unless they are in a certain location or grow to a certain size. Small tumors might not cause any symptoms and may be found accidentally when the doctor is looking for some other problem. These tumors are often benign.
GI Cancer Institute What is Gastro-Intestinal Cancer
Gastro-Intestinal (GI) cancer is a term for the group of cancers that affect the digestive system. This includes cancers of the oesophagus, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, bowel (large intestine or colon and rectum), and anus.
MedicineNet.com Stomach Cramps Symptoms and Signs.
The term stomach cramps is nonspecific and is used to refer to a number of different symptoms or sensations.
LiveStrong.com Complications After Intestinal Surgery.
When you heard the phrase "intestinal surgery," what do you think of? Do you think of bowel resection? Gastric bypass? Bariatric surgery for weight loss? The intestines are separated into the small intestine and the large intestine (also known as the colon). Let's take a look at some complications that may occur after intestinal surgery.

4. Organizations and Associations

Short Bowel Syndrome Foundation Empowering patients to live fuller lives
The Short Bowel Syndrome Foundation was founded in December of 2010, as a resource to help patients, family members and healthcare professionals learn about short bowel syndrome (SBS). You'll find explanations about causes, common symptoms and standard treatments. Learn the digestive system and the various surgical procedures commonly associated with SBS. Also, find multiple resources that may help you gain more control of both the condition and regain control of the quality of your or loved one’s life.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anatomic problems of the Lower GI Tract.
Anatomic problems of the lower GI tract are structural defects. Anatomic problems that develop before birth are known as congenital abnormalities. Other anatomic problems may occur any time after birth, from infancy into adulthood.
American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) The trusted voice of the GI Community
Founded in 1897, AGA has grown to include more than 16,000 members from around the globe who are involved in all aspects of the science, practice and advancement of gastroenterology.
World Health Organization (WHO) Water Related Diseases: Visit WHO's Home Page
Foundation for Integrated Medicine Intestinal Parasites, Bacterial Dysbiasis, and Leaky Gut
The human intestine maintains within its inner cavity a complex, crowded environment of food remnants and microbial organisms (called "the intestinal flora") from which the body derives nourishment and against which the body must be protected.
The Oley Foundation Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine: A proposed future treatment for Short Bowel Syndrome.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results from the removal of a significant proportion of a patient’s bowel, or from the loss of function of the bowel that is present. The condition is fairly rare.
Bladder and Bowel Foundation Maintaining a healthy Bladder.
There are a number of things that you can do to try and maintain a healthy bladder. These include:
- Keeping a healthy fluid intake – Try to drink at least 1.5 – 2 litres (6-8 glasses) of fluid each day. When you are not drinking enough, the bladder gets used to holding smaller amounts of urine and can become sensitive.
- Avoiding constipation and following a healthy diet – When the bowel does not empty properly it will swell up and push down onto the bladder. You can help avoid constipation by following a healthy die
- Practising pelvic floor exercises.
Colon Cancer Alliance Get Screened Today
The Colon Cancer Alliance’s mission is to knock colon cancer out of the top three cancer killers. We are doing this by championing prevention, funding cutting-edge research and providing the highest quality patient support services.
Global Colon Cancer Association The voice for the millions of Colon Cancer patients worldwide.
We advocate for patient centered policy around the globe to ensure increased awareness and screening, access to quality medical treatments and help our member organizations collaborate, innovate and leverage the full potential of effectuating change.
IOIBD.org International Organization for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD)
The International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) is the only international worldwide organization devoted to these chronic and sometimes disabling diseases involving different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The mission of the IOIBD is to promote the health of people with IBD worldwide by setting the direction for patient care, education and research.
National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) Intestine
Most drugs enter the body via the intestines. Consequently, researchers need donated human intestines to assess the safety and activity of potential new drugs.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Inc. (AGMD)
The Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Inc. (AGMD) is an international, non-profit organization that functions as an information resource center for people affected by digestive motility disorders. The organization also serves as an integral resource for members of the medical community.

5. Intestines Research

The New York Academy of Sciences Advances in Human Microbiome Science: Intestinal Diseases
On October 15, 2015, the Academy's Microbiome Science Discussion Group convened researchers for Advances in Human Microbiome Science, the first of three symposia on the causal relationships between microbiota and disease, this one focused on intestinal disease.
Disease Models and Mechanisms How informative is the Mouse for human gut microbiota research?
Murine models have been widely used in biomedical research. Extensive similarities in anatomy, physiology and genetics have allowed numerous inferences about human biology to be drawn from murine experimentation. The advanced knowledge of mouse genetics and the availability of numerous genetically modified mouse models greatly facilitate functional studies.
ScienceDirect.com Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease: Pushing the envelope.
Humans have coevolved with their microbes over thousands of years, but this relationship, is now being dramatically affected by shifts in the collective human microbiome resulting from changes in the environment and societal norms.
University of Minnesota Study reveals that people may inherit "gut" bacteria that cause Chrohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
A new study by an international team of researchers shows for the first time that people may inherit some of the intestinal bacteria that cause Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively know as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
LiveScience.com 5 Ways that gut bacteria affect your health.
Researchers are only just beginning to understand how differences in the composition of gut bacteria may influence human health. From what we know so far, here are five ways gut flora affect wellness.
UNC Multidisciplinary Center for IBD Research and Treatment What causes Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)?
Despite numerous studies, the actual cause of the inflammatory bowel diseases remains elusive. It is likely, however, that these chronically recurring episodes of inflammation in the human bowel are related to a complex interaction between various environmental factors and a hereditary predisposition for these diseases.
ScientificAmerican.com Among trillions of microbes in the gut, a few are special.
Amid the trillions of microbes that live in the intestines, scientists have found a few species that seem to play a key role in keeping us healthy.
HealthyDay.com Scientist grow, implant human intestinal tissue in mice
Scientists used stem cells to grow "organoids" of functioning human intestinal tissue in a lab dish. They then transplanted the organoids into mice, creating a new model for studying intestinal disorders, according to the researchers.
ScientificAmerican.com Artificial sweeteners may change our gut bacteria in dangerous ways.
Substances such as saccharin may alter the type of bacteria inside us, could lead to obesity.
ScienceDaily.com Mine intestine grown in a test tube for nutritional research.
Organoids just a quarter of a millimeter across exhibit functions of the human intestine.
High 50 Health Your Microbiome: Groundbreaking research about our gut bacteria show it could be the key to health.
Did you know you have ten times more bacteria in your gut than human cells? Millions are being spent on research to uncover its crucial role in health and disease.
GI Society Intestinal Gas
Many healthy individuals are concerned that they have too much intestinal gas, thinking that their digestive tract could be malfunctioning. While gas in itself is not dangerous, our inability to control its passage might have social implications.
American Psychological Association That gut feeling
With a sophisticated neural network transmitting messages from trillions of bacteria, the brain in your gut exerts a powerful influence over the one in your head, new research suggests.
Gastro-Intestinal Research Foundation Why our research matters.
We provide critical early funding to support exploratory studies. This support allows residents, fellows and young investigators to begin or continue their research, and can be leveraged to pursue additional research funding.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders (AGMD) Support: On Track With Hope
Our organization offers many different ways of obtaining support, including in person meetings, phone meetings, online communities, our new networking connection program, and others. We are always looking for new ways to reach out and help patients and their families.
We encourage you to take advantage of our support programs.
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Find a Support Group (CCFA)
There are hundreds of support groups for people with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis throughout the country. Each year, CCFA’s more than 40 local chapters hold more than 200 support groups, where patients and family members can connect to others living with these diseases.
UPMC.com IBD Connect: A support network for those suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Many people find comfort when they are able to connect with others who have had similar experiences. IBD Connect is a volunteer support network for patients, families, and caregivers affected by IBD.
Patient Access Network Foundation General Patient Support.
Also: Oncology, Chronic Illnesses, and Rare Diseases.
DailyStrength.org Find your online support group.
Welcome to the support you've been looking for. Browse our +500 communities of people facing similar life challenges, medical conditions, and mental health issues and find people who understand exactly what you're going through.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Self Help and Support Group A Community for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Digestive Health Suffers.
The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Self Help and Support Group is a patient led and patient governed organization dedicated to helping everyone who suffers from IBS and other digestive health disorders.
GI Society Support Groups
Our support groups are regular gatherings for individuals who have an intestinal disease or disorder. The purpose of these meetings is to provide and exchange information related to the group focus, to offer one another support, and to share experiences and proven coping strategies.
Crohn's Forum Welcome to the Crohn's Disease Forum, Support group and forum for Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and other IBD.
We are a community of friends, connected by being affected by IBD - either personally or with someone we care about, and we welcome new members. We offer support, understanding, and friendship.
Association of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Inc. Gastrointestinal motility disorders support group and discussion community.
Join many others who understand what you're going through and are making important decisions about their health.
Colon Talk Welcome to The Colon Club, we're glad you found us.
The message board is here now to bring survivors, young and old, together. Please ask questions, tell stories and jokes, connect with others, send hugs...anything you feel. We monitor the board, but this is a place for you to be comfortable and say what you feel. (We're jeans and tee shirts kinda folks around here.) Please just be courteous of others who may have just started their own journeys.
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient Support and Resources.
A large component of our comprehensive care involves patient support. Here are some links that discuss the ways we support our patients and families.
The Cancer Center Patient Guide is intended to help you learn more about receiving care at the UW Carbone Cancer Center.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

SoftSchools.com The Intestines Facts.
Here are several interesting and amazing facts about the Intestines. Also links to more facts and information.
SoftPedia.com 5 Facts about the Small Intestine
The small intestine is the part of the digestive tube connecting the stomach to the large intestine.
WhatThaFact.com 10 Amazing, Fun, and Interesting facts about the Intestines.
Digestions consist of multifaceted connections involving frequent organs, nerves, hormones, and additional chemical messengers. The little intestine and big intestine (colon) all have different but overlie roles in absorption. Together break down food with enzymes and bypass it into the bloodstream for transmission throughout the body. In this way, the food is transformed into nutrient forms able of providing the organs with liveliness to task and to rise. Now let us know some interesting facts about intestine.
LiveScience.com 11 Surprising facts about the Digestive System
The digestive system has two main functions: to convert food into nutrients your body needs, and to rid the body of waste. To do its job, the system requires the cooperation of a number of different organs throughout the body, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, liver and gallbladder.
Here are 11 facts about the digestive system that may surprise you.
Medscape Intestinal Transplantation.
Intestinal transplantation has evolved in the past decade from being considered an experimental procedure to what is considered today as the only long-term option for patients with intestinal failure who have developed irreversible complications associated with the long-term use of parenteral nutrition.
GI Society Intestinal Gas
Many healthy individuals are concerned that they have too much intestinal gas, thinking that their digestive tract could be malfunctioning. While gas in itself is not dangerous, our inability to control its passage might have social implications.
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Facts about Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect as many as 1.4 million Americans, most of whom are diagnosed before age 30. These chronic, life-long conditions can be treated but not cured. IBD can significantly affect patients’ quality of life and may have a high financial burden.
MakeMeGenius.com Digestive System Quiz: What is the Digestive System?
It is advisable to watch our Digestive system video first by clicking here Human Digestion System Video
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Digestive Diseases Statistics for the United States.
On this page:
- Glossary
- All Digestive Diseases
- Specific Diseases
- Clinical Trials
American College of Gastroenterology Digestive Health Statistics NIDDK
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The NDDIC provides information about available patient and professional education materials, statistical data, publications about specific digestive diseases, and referrals to health professionals.
RightDiagnosis.com Statistics about Digestive Diseases.
This page presents a variety of statistics about Digestive Diseases. The term 'prevalence' of Digestive Diseases usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Digestive Diseases at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Digestive Diseases refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Digestive Diseases diagnosed each year.
Florida Hospital Statistics for Abdominal Disorders.
Many times patients dismiss stomach pain, acid reflux or other common symptoms as simple indigestion. For persistent abdominal pain, it’s important to treat the underlying condition before serious damage can be done to the body. Here’s more information about the effects of stomach pain.
HealthLine.com Chron's Disease by the numbers: Statistics and You.
Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which an abnormal immune system response causes chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. Crohn’s is often confused with ulcerative colitis, a similar IBD that only affects the large intestine.
WebMD Quizzes related to Digestive Disorders.
Here are 8 Quizzes: Take the ones you like or take them all and increase your knowledge of Digestive Disorders.
Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center What do you know about the Digestive System?
What happens to that cheeseburger and fries (or, we hope, that whole wheat bread and green salad) you had for lunch? During the digestive process, food is converted into energy that's used by your body. Take this quiz to see how much you know about how digestion works.
HealthGuidance.org Digestive Diseases: The Facts.
Digestive diseases encompass more than 40 acute and chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract ranging from common digestive disorders to serious, life-threatening diseases. More than 34 million Americans are afflicted with diseases of the digestive system, 20 million of whom have chronic disorders. It is estimated that 8% of the U.S. population have chronic digestive diseases, 6% have acute episodes of digestive diseases and 43% have intermittent digestive disorders, leaving 43% unaffected.
Science of Eating Disorders Eating Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Eating disorder patients commonly complain of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including bloating, abdominal pain, and constipation. This is, of course, not surprising. After all, disordered eating behaviours such as self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and restriction are bound to have negative effects on the digestive system.

8. Resources for Intestines Disorders and Conditions

Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Search our Resources.
As the nation’s leading source for educational information for Crohn’s and Colitis patients and professionals, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America maintains an extensive collection of resources for people diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and other information on the inflammatory bowel diseases.
With so many valuable resources covering a range of topics, we’ve put together a set of search tools to help you find the content you need. You can search our resources by keyword in the search box, or find information by disease, topic, audience, page type, posting date, and even by language.
Here you’ll find our most recent publications, as well as a selection of five recommended resources everyone can benefit from.
GI Kids Children's Digestive Health Information for kids and parents.
We welcome you to explore GIKids to learn more about pediatric digestive disorders, how they are diagnosed, the treatment and management of conditions, and our patient and parent resources.
United States Department of Agriculture Digestive Diseases and Disorders.
Here you will find general information on the digestive system and diseases affecting the system. Please also see the listed pages for resources on specific topics.
National Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD) About Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Welcome to your complete resource for information and assistance from the nonprofit IFFGD about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We were started in 1991 by one person struggling with the challenges of a chronic digestive disorder.
On this site you will find help and information you can use about IBS, what it is, how it is treated, and managing daily living with the condition.
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Resources: For kids and teens.
Having a child with a gastrointestinal condition can effect the entire family. Children's has provided the these resources to guide your family.
For a list of current news stories about Children's GI, Hepatology and Nutrition, visit our In the News section.
Journal of Pediatric Health Care Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Top resources for children, adolescents, and their families.
The Journal of Pediatric Health Care, the official journal of the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, provides scholarly clinical information and research regarding primary, acute and specialty health care for children of newborn age through young adulthood within a family-centered context.
Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Patient Educational Resources.
At Salix, we are committed to helping people with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In addition to providing products that treat these disorders, we strive to educate patients, family members, and caregivers about these conditions.
This section of our site aims to keep you updated on GI-related news and help you find additional support.
EveryDayHealth.com 7 Top Digestive Health Resources.
Start your quest for better digestive health here.
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Small Bowel (Intestinal) Transplant Educational Resources.
When your child is sick and needs a small bowel (intestinal) transplant, it often helps to learn as much as you can about his or her illness and the transplant process.
At the Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, we hope the following resources provide you with the knowledge and support you need during your child's small bowel transplant.
Chris4Life Colon Cancer Foundation We're here for you: Additional Resources.
Where do you turn for financial assistance with the many, sometimes unexpected, medical expenses you may incur as a result of your illness? These resources may provide help ranging from medical flights for treatment to assistance with insurance co-payments.
FightColorectalCancer.org Get behind a cure: Resource Line.
Need to speak with someone for support or resources? Fight Colorectal Cancer has partnered with Cancer Support Community’s (CSC) Cancer Support Helpline to provide a live counselor ready to assist patients, caregivers and loved ones with a variety of cancer-related concerns.
Association of Cancer Online Resources (ACOR) What is ACOR?
ACOR is a unique collection of online cancer communities designed to provide timely and accurate information in a supportive environment. It is a free lifeline for everyone affected by cancer & related disorders.
You are not alone! Use one of ACOR's 142 online communities to connect with people like you online and share information and support.

The Veins - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About The Veins

Study.com What are Veins? - Functions and Explanations.
Veins serve a critical function within our bodies. When blood has been pumped by the heart to various parts of the body, it must return back to the heart. In a metaphorical sense, veins are the return portion of a round-trip plane ticket. The veins serve the purpose of delivering the blood, now bluish in color, back to the right atrium (chamber) of our heart. In the heart, blood will collect more oxygen and prepare to be pumped back out through arteries. This is a cycle that continues as long as a person is living.
Wikipedia The Vein
In the circulatory system, veins (from the Latin vena) are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins are less muscular than arteries and are often closer to the skin. There are valves in most veins to prevent backflow.
Boundless.com Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries.
Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries, and veins which are responsible for transporting blood throughout the body.
Diffen.com Veins and Arteries: Difference and Comparison.
There are two types of blood vessels in the circulatory system of the body: arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body and veins that carry blood towards the heart for purification.
LiveScience.com If blood is red, why are veins blue?
Blood is always red, actually. Veins look blue because light has to penetrate the skin to illuminate them, blue and red light (being of different wavelengths) penetrate with different degrees of success. What makes it back to your eye is the blue light.
BlogSpot.com Your veins would stretch 100,000 miles.
Really. An adult has 100,000 miles of blood vessels - enough to stretch around the equator four times.
Most of the blood vessels in the human body are microscopic capillaries. They're short but there are a lot of them - about 40 billion. So, even though they're small, they're so numerous they constitute the majority of the body's 100,000 miles of vessels.
Medical News Today (MNT) Varicose Veins: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, and tortuous (twisting) veins, frequently linked to faulty valves in the vein. They are generally blue or dark purple.
SecondsCount.org Learn about leg vein problems (Venous Disease): An Overview.
Vein problems can hurt and interfere with your daily activities for the rest of your life if you don’t do something about it. According to the Vascular Disease Foundation, “by the age of 50, nearly 40 percent of women and 20 percent of men have significant leg vein problems.”
Just For Hearts 10 Things you should know about veins
We have studied this basics about veins in our school days that veins are major part of our circulatory system which carry blood towards our heart. It also contains deoxygenated blood coming from tissues to heart apart from this there are a few important things which one must know.
Here are 10 things you should know about veins.
Vein Experts How do veins work?
Blood flows through a system of blood vessels, which are veins and arteries. Arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from your heart to all regions of the body. The function of veins is to transport the blood back to the heart. In order for veins to work, the valves must close all the way to prevent backflow of blood.
Jobst.com Veins and Valves
Most of our blood volume is carried in the veins (64%). Veins can expand to hold large amounts of blood. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart. Blood return from the legs occurs mainly through the deep veins. Within the veins, especially those of the legs are valves. Venous valves are bicuspid (two) flap like structures made of elastic tissue. The valves function to keep blood moving in one direction.

2. Vein Diseases

WebMD The heart and vascular disease.
Vascular disease includes any condition that affects the circulatory system. As the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels called the circulatory system. The vessels are elastic tubes that carry blood to every part of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins return it.
SecondsCount.org Peripheral Vascular Disease: How problems with arteries and veins affect Legs, Brain. and Kidneys.
Cardiovascular disease is more than a disease of the heart. It can affect any part of your body that relies on nutrient-rich and oxygenated blood to function. That includes your legs, arms, feet and kidneys.
Medical News Today (MNT) Varicose Veins: Causes, Diagnosis,and Treatments.
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, and tortuous (twisting) veins, frequently linked to faulty valves in the vein. They are generally blue or dark purple.
VenaCure-EVLT.com What's Vein Disease?
To understand vein disease, which is the primary cause of varicose veins, it’s first important to understand the venous system of the human body. The venous system is the part of the circulatory system that returns deoxygenated blood through veins back to the heart to be recirculated. By contrast, the arterial system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to be distributed throughout the body. The smallest parts of the venous system are the capillaries, which feed into larger superficial veins.
eMedicineHealth.com Peripheral Vascular Disease.
Peripheral Vascular Disease refers to any disease or disorder of the circulatory system outside of the brain and heart.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute What is Vasculitis?
Vasculitis (vas-kyu-LI-tis) is a condition that involves inflammation in the blood vessels. The condition occurs if your immune system attacks your blood vessels by mistake. This may happen as the result of an infection, a medicine, or another disease or condition.
VascularWeb.org Chronic Venous Insufficiency.
Arteries bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body and veins return oxygen-poor blood back to your heart. When your leg veins cannot pump enough blood back to your heart, you have chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). CVI is also sometimes called chronic venous disease, or CVD.
Circulation Foundation Peripheral Arterial Disease.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is when your arteries begin to narrow. It’s a common problem that affects 9% of the population, but will only cause symptoms or problems in a quarter of those people.
Health Source Remedies for venous reflux disease get easier.
Across the US, 25-million people suffer from the discomfort of swelling and varicose veins of the legs due to superficial venous reflux disease. Traditionally, this condition has led patients to undergo the more intensive vein stripping surgery. However with today’s technologies these types of more aggressive surgeries are rarely required.
EveryDayHealth.com Steer clear of these 9 Artery and Vein Diseases.
Slide show with detailed descriptions with risk factors, their causes and preventive measures.
SecondsCount.org Types of leg vein problems.
When was the last time you thought about your veins? Maybe when you gave blood? And yet they are an integral part of the vascular system that keeps us alive—day in and day out—whether we think about it or not. Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart and into the lungs to be replenished with the oxygen and nutrients the body needs to function and stay healthy.
Veincare Centers of Tennessee Superficial Venous Thrombosis (SVT).
Clot forming in the veins of the skin or fatty tissues of the extremities is called superficial venous thrombosis (SVT). Symptoms often involve a tender lump under the skin at the location of a vein with a pink color in the skin overlying the thrombus. Superficial thrombus rarely is life-threatening since it usually forms in veins which are small.

3. Conditions and Disorders of The Veins

MedlinePlus Vascular Disease.
The vascular system is the body's network of blood vessels. It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. Problems of the vascular system are common and can be serious. Arteries can become thick and stiff, a problem called Atherosclerosis. Blood Clots can clog vessels and block blood flow to the heart or brain. Weakened blood vessels can burst, causing bleeding inside the body.
Medical News Today (MNT) What is Cardiovascular Disease? What causes Cardiovascular Disease?
The cardiovascular system, also called the circulatory system, is the system that moves blood throughout the human body. It is composed of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. It transports oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart throughout the whole body through the arteries. Blood goes through the capillaries - vessels situated between the veins and arteries.
University of Southern California (USC) Areas of Expertise: Varicose Veins and Venous Disease.
Before discussing the more common disorders of the veins, it is helpful to understand the function of the veins in our circulatory system. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through thick-walled arteries to all the tissues of the body. The veins return the blood to the heart. These thin-walled structures contain a series of unidirectional (one-way) valves that keep the blood flowing from the superficial veins located close to the skin's surface to the deep veins found in the muscles of the arms and legs and towards the heart.
Vein Clinics of America Understanding Vein Disease.
More than 80 million Americans suffer from vein disease, a medical condition that can lead to further health problems. Ignoring your vein condition can result in symptoms such as pain, fatigue, itching, burning, and swelling. You might even experience throbbing and restlessness, to the point that you feel the need to keep your legs constantly moving.
Central Texas Vein Center Vein Disorders: Understanding Superficial Venous Reflux.
Venous reflux disease develops when the valves that keep blood flowing from the legs back to the heart become damaged or diseased. This can cause blood to pool in your legs, which can lead to a progression of symptoms.
Cleveland Clinic Rare Vascular Conditions
The Departments of Vascular Surgery and Vascular Medicine at Cleveland Clinic have earned an international reputation for excellence in patient care, surgical results, and clinical research. Our members specialize in the diagnosis and management of vascular disease, including rare disorders such as May Thurner's syndrome, Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome, Fibromuscular Disease, Hypercoagulable syndromes, and many others.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Cavernous Malformation.
Cavernous malformations are dilated blood vessels that are characterized by multiple distended "caverns" of blood-filled vasculature through which the blood flows very slowly. Vessels of a cavernous malformation lesion have a tendency to leak because they lack the proper junctions between neighboring cells as well as the necessary structural support from smooth muscle and stretchable material (elastin).
American Heart Association Varicose Veins and Cardiovascular Disease
Those blue, meandering tracks of varicose veins just under the surface of the skin on your legs may seem unsightly, but in most cases, they don’t pose a major health risk.
AZCentral.com Are your varicose veins a sign of heart trouble?
About 300,000 people die of blood clots every year. There are also 600,000 new cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurring annually as well. Sometimes going undetected, DVT is a serious vein problem that could lead to a potentially fatal Pulmonary Embolism (PE), where a blood clot travels to the lungs.
Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Genetic Clotting Disorders.
Some children are born with a disorder also known as a genetic condition that makes them at greater risk for a blood clot, a blockage in a child's veins or arteries. A genetic condition is something that is passed down from a child's parent(s). These conditions and information are listed here.
Stroke Association What is a Arteriovenous Malformation.
Normally, arteries carry blood containing oxygen from the heart to the brain, and veins carry blood with less oxygen away from the brain and back to the heart. When an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occurs, a tangle of blood vessels in the brain or on its surface bypasses normal brain tissue and directly diverts blood from the arteries to the veins.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons Cerebrovascular Disease.
The word cerebrovascular is made up of two parts – "cerebro" which refers to the large part of the brain, and "vascular" which means arteries and veins. Together, the word cerebrovascular refers to blood flow in your brain.
Vein Specialist of the south Conditions - Face Veins.
Face veins may appear as small red or purple veins or larger, more prominent blue veins. Usually seen on the nose, cheeks or chin, they may be a source of embarrassment. Many lay people associate them with liver disease and alcohol use. Most cases of face veins are a form of Spider Veins. Some large face veins may represent venous malformations that may require more extensive evaluation and treatment recommendations.
EverydayHealth.com What is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a blood clot that forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, typically in your legs.
DVT can be serious: Blood clots in your veins can break loose and move to your lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal.

4. Organizations and Associations

Alzheimers Association Alz.org/braintour - Slide 2.
Your brain is nourished by one of your body's richest networks of blood vessels. With each heartbeat, arteries carry about 20 to 25 percent of your blood to your brain, where billions of cells use about 20 percent of the oxygen and fuel your blood carries. When you are thinking hard, your brain may use up to 50 percent of the fuel. The whole vessel network includes veins and capillaries in addition to arteries.
National Organization for Rare Disorders Vascular Malformations of the Brain.
As the name suggests, vascular malformations of the brain is an umbrella term for at least six conditions in which blood vessels of the brain are affected. Such malformations are classified into several types in which the symptoms, severity, and causes vary.
Cardiovascular Association, P.L.L.C. Cardiovascular Association.
If you suffer from varicose veins, you’re not alone. Many patients today walk around and live with leg pain, leg heaviness/fatigue, and/or swollen legs not realizing that this is likely due to a treatable condition. This grossly under-recognized condition is known as venous insufficiency, or simply “bad veins.” By the age of 60, over 70% of women and over 40% of men will have advanced venous insufficiency.
Venous Association of India (VIA) Welcome to Venous Association of India: Our Mission.
Venous thrombosis, varicose veins, and other venous diseases are as problematic in India as anywhere in the world. The primary objectives of the Venous Association of India (VAI) are:
- To promote the research and study of venous disease.
- To help facilitate the active continuing education of its members.
- To improve understanding about the prevention, investigation, and treatment of venous disease.
- To encourage the development and dissemination of information about venous disease.
- To promote collaboration between venous, phlebological, and vascular societies, health agencies, and health experts at national and international levels.
- To award scholarships and stipends for research and training in the field of venous disease.
- To cooperate with any other organization whose objectives are similar to those of the VAI.
American College of Phlebology The field of vein care advances with each new discovery.
The American College of Phlebology is the premier association for physicians and allied health professionals dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of venous and lymphatic disease.
American Heart Association Results for "Vein Information".
Our mission is to build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. That single purpose drives all we do. The need for our work is beyond question.
World Health Organization Immobility: Circulatory problems and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
Contraction of muscles is an important factor in helping to keep blood flowing through the veins, particularly in the legs. Prolonged immobility, especially when seated, can lead to pooling of blood in the legs, which in turn may cause swelling, stiffness and discomfort.
American Stroke Association Results for "Vein Problems".
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures). When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it and brain cells die.
Check out some interesting statistics about stroke.
Circulation Foundation Help and Advice.
For patient information, click on a category, or use the search box to find a specific subject. Alternatively, you can pick topics from our A-Z list.

5. Vein Research

Phys.org Scientist grow blood vessels for Human Surgery.
Scientists can grow blood vessels in a lab for use in coronary bypass or dialysis, a promising alternative to harvesting from the patient.
The process involves taking smooth muscle cells from a human cadaver and grafting them onto tubes made of the material used in making dissolvable stitches, called polyglycolic acid.
LifeLine Cell Technology Human Endothelial cell use in Research.
Endothelial cells line the interior of blood vessels and are critical to blood vessel function. They have a vast capacity to migrate and induce formation of new blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis. Endothelial cell dysfunction is associated with a number of vascular abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and hypertension.
University of Bristol Explore Bristol Research: Pericytes from human veins for treatment of Myocardial Ischemia.
Stem cell therapies promise to regenerate the infarcted heart through the replacement of dead cardiac cells and stimulation of neovascularization.
New research from our laboratory shows the transplantation of stem cells from human veins helps heart healing after an acute ischemic insult.
University of Gothenburg Regenerative Surgery: Blood cells to create human veins.
At the University of Gothenburg, a research group used peripheral blood-isolated stem cells to create human veins.
Thrombosis Research Localization and distribution of fibrinolysis inhibition in the walls of human arteries and veins.
A systematic study on the location and intensity of fibrinolysis inhibition in human arteries and veins by the use of a standardized fibrin slide sandwich technique yielded data for an overall comparison of fibrinolysis inhibition along and across the human vessel wall.
VascularWeb.org Research: The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS).
SVS encourages the interest and development of investigators by providing a forum for collaboration and dissemination of advancements in outcomes, comparative effectiveness, clinical, translational, and basic science research.
CenterWatch.com Varicose Veins Clinical Trials.
For a listing of Varicose Veins medical research trials actively recruiting patient volunteers. Click on the closest city to find more detailed information on a research study in your area.
ModernMedicine.com Research advances may target varicose vein therapies.
A single intracellular molecule, activator protein-1 (AP-1), appears to initiate the signaling cascade for vascular remodeling that results in varicose veins. Assuming that these findings on the mechanisms of the disease in a mouse model translate into humans, they offer new targets for therapeutic intervention that go beyond current surgical options, a researcher says.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Vascular Studies: Procedure Overview; What is Vascular Studies?
Vascular studies are a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) procedure used to assess the blood flow in arteries and veins. A transducer (like a microphone) sends out ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency too high to be heard. When the transducer is placed on the skin at certain locations and angles, the ultrasonic sound waves move through the skin and other body tissues to the blood vessels, where the waves echo off of the blood cells. The transducer picks up the reflected waves and sends them to an amplifier, which makes the ultrasonic sound waves audible.
Medicographia.com Pain in chronic venous disease: Perspectives in research.
Pain is the complaint that most often leads to a diagnosis of venous disease, and it has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. For all those involved with chronic venous disease (CVD), pain is difficult to assess both because of its multidimensional nature and because of the lack of a close relationship between pain as a symptom and severity of venous disease.
National Human Genome Research Institute Learning about Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS).
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), also known as Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and sometimes Hughes Syndrome, is a disorder characterized by elevated levels of multiple different antibodies (proteins produced by the body to fight off foreign substances) are associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis (clots in the arteries and veins).
UC Davis Vascular Center Stem Cell study to reduce amputations from vascular disease and diabetes.
UC Davis Vascular Center researchers have embarked on a highly anticipated study that involves using a patient’s own stem cells to increase blood circulation to the lower leg with the hope of preventing amputation due to severe arterial disease or diabetes.
Georgia Tech Research Institute Moving the needle: Georgia Tech researchers develop "Vein Finder" for faster, more accurate injections.
When medics are treating trauma patients, every second counts. Yet bruises, burns, and other physical conditions often make it difficult to locate veins and administer lifesaving drugs or solutions.
McMaster University Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI).
The objective of TaARI is to carry out basic, clinical, and epidemiological research in thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease including venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, cardiac thromboembolism, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease.
Thrombosis Research Institute Atherosclerosis Vaccine.
As current methods provide only partial protection against Atherosclerosis, this important project is focused on developing a vaccine.
Sometimes referred to as "Hardening of the Arteries", Atherosclerosis causes blood flow to become obstructed and may lead to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) or Stroke.
Daily News Dig Health benefits of taking cold showers.
Since cold exposure causes your blood flow to be redirected to your vital organs, it forces your body to circulate your blood more efficiently & effectively.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

National Blood Clot Alliance Leaders guide about support groups for patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolism.
National Blood Clot Alliance (NBCA) is posting a Support Group Leaders Guide at www.stoptheclot.org. The guide provides step by step information about how a volunteer can set up and lead a support group for patients with venous blood clots. These groups support patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Alan Brownstein, NBCA Chief Executive Officer, stresses that support groups allow patients with blood clotting disorders (thrombophilias) or DVT and PE to share their lived experience with blood clots, and derive emotional support from each other. He sees the guide as a valuable resource to anyone who wants to organize a support group.
Traci Wilkes Smith, NBCA Vice-President, adds, “As someone who survived a blood clot, I recognize how much I can learn from sharing my experience with other patients as well as benefitting from the comfort of such a connection.”
Click here to download the PDF "The Leaders Guide".
Click here to go to "Our News Section".
Clot Connect For Patients: Organizations and Support Groups.
Listed here are a number of organizations with websites containing educational information about blood clots and clotting disorders.
Clot Care Online Resource Where can I find a Support Group or meet others who have had a DVT, PE, or Clotting Disorder?
I often get questions at ClotCare from individuals looking for someone who has shared their medical experience. There are quite a few forums for support out there, but it may be difficult to find them. Thus, I have created this FAQ to help you find the support you need.
First, check to see if there is a local support group in your area. The North American Thrombosis Forum (NATF) is working to establish support groups across the nation. Click here for more on NATF's efforts and for exisiting DVT and PE support groups
InSpire.com Vascular Disease: Your Vascular Disease and Discussion Community.
Join many others who understand what you're going through and are making important decisions about their health.
DailyStrength.org Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Support Group.
Free anonymous support from people just like you.
Venous Resource Center Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Support Group.
The purpose of this group is to focus on unmet emotional needs of patients diagnosed with DVT or PE as well as to provide accurate up-to-date information about this chronic condition.
Arkansas Children's Hospital Support Groups and other resources.
Support groups are an invaluable resource to anyone dealing with the difficulties of having a child with a vascular birthmark. These groups can provide names of other families affected with similar conditions, referrals to physicians who have treated similar conditions successfully, and information on the latest research into new treatment options, and developments in the cause of these birth defects. Please feel free to contact any of the resources listed here.
MD Junction Varicose Veins Support Group.
A community of patients, family members and friends dedicated to dealing with Varicose Veins, together.
ExperienceProject.com I have Varicose Veins.
Varicose Veins anonymous support group with information on diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, along with personal stories and experiences with Varicose Veins. You're not alone.
MedWonders.com Genetic and Metabolic: Varicose Veins.
Varicose veins are veins which have become enlarged and painful. Usually this happens in the leg among people who need to stand or walk a lot. It looks bad and it can be painful and itchy.
This varicose veins support group will help you meet others with the same problem and doctors who specialize in treating varicose veins.
Google Groups Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Support.
If you are dealing with a retinal vein occlusion you are in the right place. You are not alone. The participants on this forum are not doctors but many of us may have experienced something similar to what you may be going through. So, join our discussion - ask a question - give a word of encouragement - share what you have learned - or try out the search feature to retrieve older messages on a particular topic. A wealth of information, experience and support is available for you to explore.
eHealthMe.com Mobile Support Group for people who have Retinal Occlusion and Jaundice.
Why the group:
- Focused: Only for people who have Retinal vein occlusion and Jaundice.
- Everywhere: Access the group on ANY mobile phone, tablet or PC that has a web browser. It fits on any screen automatically.
- Anonymous: Only your email is needed.
- Secure: Transmission and data storage encrypted by the same standards used by banks.
- Free: No charge.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

Raise Your Brain 21 Interesting facts about veins
A photo image with each fact with a description and explanation about each one.
Just For Hearts 10 Things you should know about veins.
We have studied these basics about veins in our school days that veins are a major part of our circulatory system which carry blood towards our heart. It also contains deoxygenated blood coming from tissues to the heart. Apart from this there are a few important things which one must know, here are 10 of them.
MentalFloss.com If blood is red, why do veins look blue?
First things first: Our blood is not blue. It is always red. Even when it's deoxygenated. Even in the absence of oxygen in a vacuum. (Remember, when you get blood drawn at your doctor's office, they use a vacutainer, which is essentially a vacuum in a tube. The tube is attached to the needle in your arm, exposing the inside of the vein to the vacuum and drawing the blood out.)
Here is a simple scientific explanation as to why the veins appear to look blue.
National Center for Biotechnology Information The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (DVT/PE) represent a major public health problem, exacting a significant human and economic toll on the Nation. These common conditions affect hundreds of thousands of Americans each year.
Right Diagnosis Statistics about vein disorders.
This page presents a variety of statistics about Vein disorders.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Venous Thrombosis (Blood Clots): Data and Statistics.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both, affects an estimated 300,000-600,000 individuals in the U.S. each year, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. It is a disorder that can occur in all races and ethnicities, all age groups, and both genders. With many of the known risk factors-advanced age, immobility, surgery, obesity-increasing in society, VTE is an important and growing public health problem.
SoftSchools.com Circulator System Quiz.
This quiz will review the different functions of the human circulatory system. Find out how much you know about the circulatory system and how it helps you to live.
The Circulatory System These 11 quizzes are on the Circulatory System.
Here are 11 quizzes each has 15 multiple choice style questions. Take as many as you like and improve your knowledge of The Circulatory System.
Jobst Compression Institute Venous disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis impact millions of people in the United States every day.
Jobst Compression Institute provides support and education for clinicians and healthcare providers treating patients with venous disorders. Understanding the statistics and facts about these disorders helps lead to increased awareness, diagnoses and management. And while widespread, venous disorders can be effectively and easily treated with compression therapy. The U.S. has one of the highest incidences of venous disease in the world. Because of the widespread nature of its symptoms, it is considered a significant public health issue.
Cardiac Center of Texas Vascular Disease Statistics
Vascular Diseases like Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), Stroke, Venous Insufficiency, and Blood Clots affect millions of Americans. Yet many people have never heard of them. Raising awareness of these conditions will help save lives. Below are some important statistics to know from the Vascular Disease Foundation.
VeinOfGalen.org Information about Vein of Galen Malformation.
Vein of Galen malformation is a very rare condition affecting the blood vessels of the brain. The malformation develops in utero at around 6–11 weeks of embryonic development. Statistically, one case of vein of Galen malformation occurs each year in a population of about three million people. The condition affects all races and genders equally and the cause of it is unknown.

8. Resources for Vein Disorders and Conditions

Vena Institute Valuable resources on Venous Disease.
There are numerous other websites that discuss the diagnosis, treatment and other important issues associated with varicose vein disease. The links to the better of these sites are listed here. I hope that after you have thoroughly reviewed this website and have browsed some of these others; you will have a better overall understanding of this disease that you are seeking treatment for.
Agency for Healthcare Resources and Quality Library of resources for chronic diseases and related conditions (AHRQ).
The AHRQ Library of Resources for Chronic Diseases and Related Conditions offers important research updates and educational information to help with the management of diseases and conditions.
MedHelp.org Deep Vein Thrombosis Community
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body most of which are in your lower leg or thigh. Discuss topics here, including symptoms, treatments and prevention methods.
American College of Phlebology (ACP) Patient Information.
The ACP knows how important it is for patients to understand their medical conditions.
Here is the latest information on venous disease, treatment options, and physicians.
VascularWeb.org Vascular Patient Resources.
The Society for Vascular Surgery® (SVS) offers free, downloadable education resources for your vascular patients. The patient education materials are in different formats to meet your and your patients' needs. They include videos, podcasts, on-line information, fliers, and a children's work book.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart and Vascular Resources.
Here you will find resources on heart and vascular conditions. These resources will help keep you informed on the best practices to treat and manage your patients? care. Included are materials that can be shared with your patients and their families as a valuable tool to help answer some of their questions on heart and vascular conditions.
Society for Vascular Nursing (SVN) Resources.
The Society for Vascular Nursing website offers many resources related to Vascular & Cardiovascular Disease.
MedicineNet.com Local resources for Peripheral Vascular Disease.
A-Z List of top 1000 cities, map of top 100 metros, Suggested reading by doctors, and more.
Coastal Vascular Center Patient Resources.
Coastal Vascular Center presents educational material to help our patients and their families learn more about vascular disease and how our surgeons can help. We have included flyers that can be printed for viewing or you may click on a link under “Patient Stories” to view a video.
National Hemophilia Foundation Rare Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Resource Room.
Hemophilia A and B are defined as rare disorders in the United States, affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. Bleeding and clotting disorders less common that hemophilia A and B exist worldwide, and knowledge about these conditions and their management lags far behind. It is these very rare and heterogeneous disorders that are addressed in a new online resource— the Rare Coagulation Disorders Resource Room, available at www.rarecoagulationdisorders.org.
National Blood Clot Alliance Thrombophilias Resources: What is Thrombophilia?
You can acquire or develop a thrombophilia from abnormalities of the blood, such as too many red blood cells (polycythemia), or too many platelets (thrombocytosis or thrombocythemia), placement of a mechanical heart valve, the development of abnormal proteins or antibodies, or diseases of the kidney or liver, or HIV infection. You can read more information about specific thrombophilias through the links listed here.
Venous Resource Center Venous Disease Resources and Links.
This site has been created to address certain clinical, educational, and research aspects of venous disease.

The Pituitary Gland - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Pituitary Gland

The Pituitary Foundation What is the Pituitary Gland?
The pituitary is an important gland in the body and it is often referred to as the 'master gland', because it controls several of the other hormone glands (e.g. adrenals, thyroid).
It is usually about the size of a pea and consists of two parts (often called lobes) - a front part, called the anterior pituitary and a back part, called the posterior pituitary.
The pituitary gland sits in a bony hollow called the pituitary fossa. This is behind the bridge of the nose and below the base of the brain, close to the optic nerves.
HealthLine.com Body Maps: The Pituitary Gland
The Pituitary Gland is a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus, to which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and produces critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various bodily functions.
EndocrineWeb.com An overview of the Pituitary Gland: The Endocrine System's Master Gland.
The pituitary gland is often dubbed the “master gland” because its hormones control other parts of the endocrine system, namely the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. However, the pituitary doesn’t entirely run the show.
PubMed Health How does the Pituitary Gland work?
The pituitary gland controls important body functions and the hormonal system. It is a protrusion at the base of the brain and about the size of a pea or cherry, which is why it is also called “hypophysis” (Greek for “growth”). The gland lies well protected in a small cavity of the cranial bones, level with the nose, and in the middle of the head.
InnerBody.com The Pituitary Gland.
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located in the center of the skull, inferior to the hypothalamus of the brain and posterior to the bridge of the nose. It is an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems and releases many hormones which affect growth, sexual development, metabolism and human reproduction.
Patient.info The Pituitary Gland
Here is a brief overview of the Pituitary Gland and the hormones it makes.
Hormone Health Network Pituitary Gland: Hormones Overview.
The Pituitary Gland is a tiny organ, the size of a pea, found at the base of the brain. As the “Master Gland” of the body, it produces many hormones that travel throughout the body, directing certain processes or stimulating (causing) other glands to produce other hormones.
The Pituitary Gland makes or stores many different hormones. Here are the hormones that are made in the anterior (front part) and the hormones that are stored in the posterior (back part) of the Pituitary Gland.
HowStuffWorks.com What does the Pituitary Gland do?
Sometimes called the "master gland," the pituitary gland is the primary influencer of how your other glands operate. The pituitary gland secretes and stores hormones, which it uses to stimulate your other glands. Your hormones regulate a variety of body functions, such as temperature, urine production, thyroid activity, growth in children, and the production of sex hormones (testosterone in men and estrogen in women). This makes your pituitary gland pretty important.
Visible Body The Endocrine System: Hypothalamus and Pituitary.
What is the endocrine system? It's a network of glands throughout the body that regulate certain body functions, including body temperature, metabolism, growth, and sexual development. Though there are many glands, here we will focus on just two: the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
New Health Guide What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
The functions of the body that the Pituitary Gland handles include the following:
- Production of growth hormones.
- Regulation of the endocrine system.
- Production of hormones that affect the function of the muscles and the kidneys.
- Production of hormones that control other endocrine glands.
- Storage of hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus.
InnerBody.com Endocrine System.
The endocrine system includes all of the glands of the body and the hormones produced by those glands. The glands are controlled directly by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands.

2. Diseases of the Pituitary Gland

MedlinePlus Hypothalamic Dysfunction.
Hypothalamic dysfunction is a problem with part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps control the pituitary gland and regulates many body functions.
Pituitary Network Association Hypopituitarism.
Hypopituitarism is a general term that refers to any under function of the pituitary gland. This is a clinical definition used by endocrinologists and is interpreted to mean that one or more functions of the pituitary are deficient. The term may refer to both anterior and posterior pituitary gland failure.
Cancer.net Pituitary Gland Tumor: Symptoms and Signs
People with a pituitary gland tumor may experience the symptoms or signs listed here. Sometimes, people with a pituitary gland tumor do not show any of these symptoms. Or, these symptoms may be caused by a medical condition that is not related to a pituitary gland tumor.
Emory Healthcare Hypopituitarism, Panhypopituitarism.
The Pituitary Gland produces a number of hormones, which are released into the blood to control other glands in the body (thyroid, adrenal, ovary or testicles). If the pituitary is not producing one or more of these hormones, the condition is called Hypopituitarism. If all the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are decreased, the condition is called Panhypopituitarism.
UCLA Pituitary Tumor Program Cushing's Disease.
Cushing's disease is a serious condition of an excess of the steroid hormone cortisol in the blood level caused by a pituitary tumor secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is a hormone produced by the normal pituitary gland. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidneys) to produce cortisol, commonly referred to as the stress hormone.
Cushing's disease is rare, affecting 10 to 15 people per million each year, most commonly adults between 20 and 50 years of age. Women account for more than 70 percent of cases.
EndocrineWeb.com Pituitary Tumor Systems: How to recognize a Pituitary Tumor.
Some of the symptoms of pituitary tumors are subtle, such as fatigue and weakness, so many people overlook their symptoms and may attribute them to something else (eg, needing more sleep).
Cancer.net Guide: Pituitary Gland Tumor.
This is Cancer.Net’s Guide to Pituitary Gland Tumor. Use the menu below to choose the Overview section to get started. Or, you can choose another section to learn more about a specific question you have. Each guide is reviewed by experts on the Cancer.Net Editorial Board, which is composed of medical, surgical, radiation, gynecologic, and pediatric oncologists, oncology nurses, physician assistants, social workers, and patient advocates.
Wikipedia Pituitary Adenoma.
Pituitary Adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories dependent upon their biological functioning: Benign Adenoma, Invasive Adenoma, and Carcinomas.
Medscape.com Pituitary Microadenomas.
By definition, a microadenoma (seen in the image below) is a tumor less than 10 mm in diameter. Pituitary adenomas may secrete hormones, but most are clinically inactive.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Neurology and Neurosurgery: Pituitary Adenomas.
Pituitary Adenomas are common benign tumors of the pituitary gland. It is said that up to 10% of people will have a pituitary adenoma (which might never have caused a problem) by the time of their death. Some tumors secrete one or more hormones in excess. Such so-called Secretory Pituitary Adenomas are usually found due to hormonal imbalances that affect bodily functions. They may be relatively small when detected.
UCLA Pituitary Tumor Program Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas.
Pituitary tumors (adenomas) that do not secrete active hormones are called clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Most are large (Macroadenomas), measuring more than one centimeter in size at the time of diagnosis. Patients start experiencing symptoms when the large tumor compresses the optic nerves, leading to vision loss, or the loss of normal pituitary function.

3. Conditions and Disorders of The Pituitary Gland

Hormone Health Network Pituitary Disorders
Pituitary gland disorders can affect many different parts of the body. Conditions such as acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), and hypogonadism (low sex hormone levels) all may result from pituitary gland disease. To learn more, read this web section and our fact sheets on pituitary-related disorders.
The Pituitary Foundation Pituitary Conditions.
Pituitary disorders are considered rare. It is estimated that there are between 50,000 and 70,000 pituitary patients in the United Kingdom, which equates to 0.08% - 0.11% of the population.
Cleveland Clinic Anatomy and Physiology of the Pituitary Gland.
The pituitary gland weighs about 0.5 to 1 g and is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. It sits in the sella turcica immediately behind and superior to the sphenoid sinus. Cavernous sinuses are located laterally on each side of the sella, inclusive of the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves.
WebMD Hypopituitary Overview.
Hypopituitarism is a condition in which the pituitary gland (a small gland at the base of the brain) does not produce one or more of its hormones or else not enough of them. This condition may occur because of disease in the pituitary or hypothalamus (a part of the brain that contains hormones that control the pituitary gland).
Merck Manual Hypopituitarism.
Hypopituitarism is an underactive pituitary gland that results in deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones.
Loudes Health System Adrenal and Pituitary Disorders.
Endocrinologists can detect, evaluate and treat conditions related to the adrenal glands or pituitary glands. This requires unique training and experience, in part because symptoms of such conditions can be so diverse and disseminated that they often resemble those attributed to stress, diet, aging and other factors.
Emory Healthcare Pituitary Disorder Tteatments.
Some pituitary gland disorders can be managed with medical treatments. Most pituitary tumors require a surgical intervention.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Medication (Drug Therapy) for Pituitary Tumors.
If medications are necessary to treat a pituitary tumor or to help control hormones after surgery or radiation therapy, or to substitute any missing hormones, the patient will take these at home.
University of California San Francisco Interview with Dr. Lewis Blevins: Pituitary Disorders.
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland. If it malfunctions, it can cause big problems in your body. The symptoms of pituitary disorders can vary greatly, one more reason to pay attention to your body.
American Cancer Society Surgery for Pituitary Tumors.
The main treatment for many pituitary tumors is surgery. How well the surgery works depends on the type of tumor, its exact location, its size, and whether it has spread into nearby structures.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery.
Endoscopic pituitary surgery, also called transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery, is the most common surgery used to remove pituitary tumors. The pituitary gland is located at the bottom of your brain and above the inside of your nose.
Children's Hospital of Chicago Hypopituitarism in children.
Hypopituitarism (an underactive pituitary gland) is rare in children. When a child has hypopituitarism, the pituitary gland has lost its ability to make one, some or all pituitary hormones. The condition is often permanent, but very treatable.
Human Growth Foundation Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency.
Growth hormone deficiency may occur by itself or in combination with one or more other pituitary hormone deficiencies. It may be total (no growth hormone is produced) or partial (some growth hormone is produced, but not enough to support normal growth).

4. Organizations and Associations

Pituitary Network Association (PNA) How PNA serves you.
The PNA is an international non-profit organization for patients with pituitary tumors and disorders, their families, loved ones, and the physicians and health care providers who treat them.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) NINDS Pituitary Tumors Information Page.
The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease.
Endocrine Society Sister Societies.
The Sister Societies is the name given to a group of national endocrine professional societies who have convened in the past on an annual basis to provide a venue permitting discussion of common concerns and possible joint activities on behalf of the field of endocrinology.
American Society of Endocrine Physician Assistants (ASEPA) Welcome to the ASEPA.
ASEPA is the official constituent chapter of the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) representing PAs in the specialty of Endocrinology.
The Pituitary Society Advancing the Global Education and Treatment of Pituitary Disease.
The Pituitary Society is an organization dedicated to furthering the understanding of diseases of the pituitary gland. Our membership is comprised of researchers and clinicians from all over the world.
HealthFinder.gov Hormone Health Network.
The Hormone Health Network, the public education affiliate of The Endocrine Society, is dedicated to serving as a resource for the public by promoting the prevention and cure of hormone-related disease.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Endocrine (Glands and Hormones).
The endocrine system consists of specialized groups of cells called glands that make, store, and release regulating chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate how the body functions.
Australian Pituitary Foundation Ltd Welcome to the APF: Our Mission.
The APF provides support for adults and children with acquired or congenital pituitary disorders.
The Pituitary Foundation We're here for anyone affected by Pituitary Conditions.
We give support, information and we bring people together. We provide information to health professionals and we campaign to raise awareness of issues facing pituitary patients, their families and carers.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America Brain Cancer Types.
Every brain cancer patient is different. The cancer experts at Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) have extensive experience in properly staging and diagnosing the disease, and developing a treatment plan that's tailored to your specific type of brain cancer.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons The Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Tumors.
When a pituitary tumor is suspected, a physician will perform a physical examination as well as vision testing to detect visual field deficits, such as loss of peripheral vision. Hormone testing of the blood and urine and imaging studies of the brain are used to confirm diagnosis. The most accurate diagnostic imaging test is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed with and without a contrast agent.

5. The Pituitary Gland Research

Pituitary Network Association April 2015 Pituitary Research Articles.
Knowledge is power and we believe keeping abreast of news on the research front is imperative. Each month in Highlights we feature a few of the top news stories. In addition, we update our website on a regular basis with the latest breaking news related to pituitary and hormonal disorders by gathering stories we think you'll be interested in from MD Linx, Medscape, MedPage Today, PubMed, Touch Endocrinology, News-Medical.net and WebMD.
Massachusettes General Hospital Neuroendocrine Clinical Research Studies in Pituitary Disorders.
The pituitary gland is central to our well-being. It is the master gland of the entire body. It produces (secretes) many hormones that stimulate glands in the body to produce other hormones or to complete certain actions. A gland is an organ that makes hormones, substances which function as messengers and are carried to other parts of your body, where they have an effect or stimulate an action.
Cancer.net Pituitary Gland Tumor: Latest Research.
Doctors are working to learn more about pituitary gland tumors, ways to prevent them, how to best treat them, and how to provide the best care to people diagnosed with this disease. The areas of research listed here may include new options for patients through clinical trials.
Cancer Research UK A study looking at the genetics of Pituitary Gland Tumors.
This study is trying to find genes that may be important in the development of tumours in the pituitary gland.
News Medical Pituitary Gland news and Research.
News-Medical.net aims to provide free access information to the medical, healthcare, life sciences and medical technology communities worldwide and to provide information, news, reviews, a forum for ideas, debate and learning, and to facilitate interaction between all parts of these communities worldwide.
MIT Technology Review Researchers create a Pituitary Gland from scratch.
Last spring, a research team at Japan’s RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology created retina-like structures from cultured mouse embryonic stem cells. This week, the same group reports that it’s achieved an even more complicated feat, synthesizing a stem-cell-derived Pituitary Gland.
Nature.com Pituitary Gland.
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland located downstream of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, which is composed of an anterior, an intermediate and a posterior lobe. It secretes pivotal hormones such as growth hormone, TSH, ACTH and prolactin, which regulate functions including growth, thyroid function and blood pressure.
The Francis Crick Institute Adult pituitary stem cells can generate new hormone secreting endocrine cells when needed.
Pituitary stem cells could one day be used to treat pituitary hormone deficiencies, according to new research from the Medical Research Council's National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR; now part of the Francis Crick Institute).
Scientific Data Pituitary Gland in a dish makes up for lost hormones.
A pituitary gland made from stem cells may some day treat diseases in which people produce little or none of the sex, growth or stress hormones that the organ normally churns out.
Cedars-Sinai Zebrafish Pituitary Research.
Cedars-Sinai endocrinologist Ning-Ai Liu, MD, PhD, has devoted the last eight years of her career to studying the zebrafish pituitary gland. On a photograph of a spherical embryo, she points at a cluster of cells cordoned off by a thin membrane. “It is visible 32 hours after fertilization,” she says. Her research using the tiny striped freshwater fish could lead to the development of therapeutic drugs for treatment of human pituitary hormonal dysfunctions, cancer, and Cushing’s disease.
Research in Germany A mutation in the pituitary gland leads to stress hormone chaos.
An international team of researchers led by endocrinologists at LMU in cooperation with Helmholtz Zentrum München has identified genetic mutations that result in uncontrolled synthesis and secretion of the stress hormone adrenocorticotropin.
The Washington Times New studies find causes of Fibromyalgia, offer hope of relief.
Two new studies on fibromyalgia focus the problem on the thyroid, pituitary and hypothalamus, and suggest new avenues of relief for sufferers.
Cancer.net Pituitary Gland Tumor: About Clinical Trials.
Doctors and scientists are always looking for better ways to care for patients with a pituitary gland tumor. To make scientific advances, doctors create research studies involving volunteers, called clinical trials. In fact, every drug that is now approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was previously tested in clinical trials.
American Cancer Society Whats new in pituitaryy tumor research and treatment?
Doctors now have a better understanding of the genetic basis of pituitary tumors. This is already leading to improvements in genetic testing for people who are suspected of having multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I (MEN1) or other syndromes. This work is also shedding light on the characteristics of non-functioning adenomas, which may lead to new medical therapies for these tumors.
Merck Oncology Clinical Trials Our commitment to cancer research.
At Merck, we are passionate about improving health and committed to helping people with cancer.
In our Keynote Oncology Clinical Trials, we are studying a way to treat cancer through immunotherapy, an approach that may help the body's immune system fight cancer.
KU Leuven Stem cells in the pituitary gland can repair damaged tissue.
Professor Hugo Vankelecom of KU Leuven and an international team of researchers found that stem cells in the pituitary gland of adult mice respond quickly when the gland is damaged by multiplying themselves and regenerating damaged cells. The study results were recently published in the scientific journal Endocrinology.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

Acromegaly Community Endocrine Support Organizations
Websites Listed:
- Groups we are friendly with: 13 Websites Listed.
- Endocrine Organizations: 3 Websites Listed.
- Pituitary Disease Education: 6 Websites listed
MD Junction Pituitary Tumor Support Group.
A community of patients, family members and friends dedicated to dealing with Pituitary Tumor, together.
Cushings-Help.com Message Boards.
The Cushing's Help message boards were founded on September 30, 2000. There are over 300,000 posts and 12,000 members as well as a chatroom, photo gallery and much more.
Cushing's Support & Research Foundation Find the resources you need at every stage.
The Cushing’s Support and Research Foundation was founded in 1995 to provide information and support to Cushing’s patients and their families. The Foundation was incorporated in the state of Massachusetts as a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization and is an Associate Member of NORD, the National Organization for Rare Disorders.
American Cancer Society Find support and treatment information.
Learn about making treatment decisions, coping with side effects, handling financial matters, caregiving, and living well after cancer. The American Cancer Society also has programs and services to help you manage cancer treatment and recovery and find the emotional support you need. And best of all, our help is free.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Support Groups.
Find a local support group in your community by following the links listed here.
Pituitary Disorders Education & Support (PDES) Welcome to PDES.
The PDES has brought thousands of patients, families, and medical professionals together for the purpose of gaining a better and broader understanding of pituitary tumors and related endocrine disorders.
American Brain Tumor Association Support and Resources.
It is important to remember that you are not alone in your brain tumor diagnosis. Whether you're newly diagnosed with a brain tumor or caring for someone navigating the brain tumor journey, the American Brain Tumor Association is here to provide answers. Our well-trained professionals are available to provide care consultations by phone or by email, and will help you find the specific information, resources and tools that meet your needs.
There are several ways listed here to reach us.
Pacific Neuroscience Institute Providing support and education for over a decade.
A major mission of both The Pacific Pituitary Disorders Center and Brain Tumor Center is to provide education, support and empowerment for those dealing with the challenges of brain, skull base and pituitary tumors. Through our speakers, volunteers and educational support, we strive to help patients and their families cope with and ultimately conquer their illnesses.
Brainscience Foundation Brain Tumor Support Groups.
Those living with the diagnosis of a primary brain tumor—including patients, survivors, caregivers, and family members—can draw from a wide range of online patient-support services that include content-rich informational sites, online communities and personal blogs.
Cancer Support Community Online Support.
Become a member of our Living Room to join one of our many online support groups, which are facilitated by a licensed counselor. You can also participate in our online discussion boards 24/7 to share about issues that are important to you.
ExperienceProject.com I Have Pituitary Tumors, Adult.
A Pituitary Tumors, Adult anonymous support group with information on diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, along with personal stories and experiences with Pituitary Tumors.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

LiveScience.com 11 Surprising facts about the Endocrine System.
Endocrine System. There are eight major glands, and their job is to regulate the body's metabolism, reproduction, growth and sleep. Like the nervous system, the endocrine system is an information signal system. But rather than using neurons, it uses chemical messengers called hormones, each of which has its own unique function.
Here are 11 interesting facts that may surprise you about the Endocrine System, its glands and its hormones.
CliffsNotes.com Quiz: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands.
Improve your knowledge of the Endocrine System, take this short quiz with 12 multiple choice questions.
Cancer.net Pituitary Gland Tumor: Statistics.
On This Page: You will find information about how many people are diagnosed with a pituitary gland tumor each year. You will also learn some general information on surviving the disease. Remember, survival rates depend on several factors. To see other pages, use the menu on the side of your screen.
Endocrine 101 Pituitary Gland Facts.
Here are some facts about the Pituitary Glands and what they do.
GeekyMedics.com Endocrinology Quiz.
Put your knowledge to the test with this hormonally charged 70 question Endocrinology quiz!
Radiopaedia.org Pituitary MRI (an approach).
A systematic approach to the pituitary region is crucial as small lesions can have a profound impact on the patient, and can be subtle even on high quality dedicated MRI imaging. Successful assessment of the pituitary region relies not only on a clear understanding of the local anatomy but also on the relatively wide variety of pathologies which occur in the region.
BrainFacts.org Pituitary Tumors.
A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the pituitary gland. Most pituitary tumors are benign, which means they are non-cancerous, grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body; however they can make the pituitary gland produce either too many or too few hormones, which can cause problems in the body.
MedicineNet.com Prolactinoma (Pituitary Tumor).
Here you will find:
- A list of 21common questions with answers.
- Patient comments.
- Find a local Endocrinologist in or near your town.
- Prolactinoma facts and more
National Cancer Institute Genetic testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes.
Genetic testing looks for specific inherited changes (mutations) in a person’s chromosomes, genes, or proteins. Genetic mutations can have harmful, beneficial, neutral (no effect), or uncertain effects on health. Mutations that are harmful may increase a person’s chance, or risk, of developing a disease such as cancer. Overall, inherited mutations are thought to play a role in about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers.
HealthResearchFunding.org 16 Gigantism Statistics.
Gigantism is a medical condition that results in an increased height and overall growth that goes beyond what is considered average or normal. It is usually because of the excessive production of a growth hormone that exists during childhood. The hormone is present while the growth plates are open and it affects the endocrine system. Gigantism usually is evident at childhood during an early age.
RightDiagnosis.com Statistics about Pituitary Conditions.
This page presents a variety of statistics about Pituitary conditions. The term 'prevalence' of Pituitary conditions usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Pituitary conditions at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Pituitary conditions refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Pituitary conditions diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ.

8. Resources for The Pituitary Gland Disorders and Conditions

Cancer.net Pituitary Gland Tumor: Additional Resources.
On This Page: You will find some helpful links to other areas of Cancer.Net that provide information about medical care and treatment. This is the final page of Cancer.Net’s Guide to Pituitary Gland Tumor. To go back and review other pages, use the menu on the left side of your screen.
Cancer.Net includes many other sections about the medical and emotional aspects of a tumor, both for the person diagnosed and their family members and friends. This website is meant to be a resource for you and your loved ones from the time of diagnosis, through treatment, and beyond.
American Cancer Society Additional resources for pituitary tumors.
Here is information that may be helpful to you. These materials can be viewed on our website or ordered from our toll-free number, 1-800-227-2345.
Hormone Health Network International Resource Center.
The Hormone Health Network is committed to increasing global patient education. Through international collaborations, we offer some of our most popular resources in assorted languages, and adaptations for specific countries, modified to incorporate respective customs and practices.
Genetics Home Reference Educational Resources - Information Pages.
These resources supplement the information in the Genetics Home Reference condition summary on combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
MD Anderson Center Pituitary Tumor Education Resources.
MD Anderson offers a wealth of cancer resources for our patients, their families and caregivers. Find educational documents, information on cancer-related topics, and more in the links here.
AcromegalyInfo.com Connecting: Acromegaly Support Groups and Resources.
On this page, you will find links to sites that provide information and support for Acromegaly.
UCLA Health Resources and Links.
Listed here are: 10 UCLA resource links, and 15 other links to other websites.
Nursing Education Resource The Endocrine System.
The Endocrine system is a collection of glands that produces chemical messengers called hormones, which are necessary for normal bodily functions. The hormones regulate metabolism, growth and sexual development. These glands release the hormones directly into the bloodstream, where they are transported to organs and tissues throughout the entire body.
Follow the links here for more information about the Endocrine System.

The Pancreas - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Pancreas

LiveScience.com Pancreas: Function, Location & Diseases.
The pancreas is an abdominal organ that is located behind the stomach and is surrounded by other organs, including the spleen, liver and small intestine. The pancreas is about 6 inches (15.24 centimeters) long, oblong and flat.
The pancreas plays an important role in digestion and in regulating blood sugar. Three diseases associated with the Pancreas are Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer, and Diabetes.
Medical News Today (MNT) Pancreas: What does the Pancreas do?
The pancreas is a gland organ that is located in the abdomen. It is part of the digestive system and produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods. The pancreas has an endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it releases juices into ducts.
Johns Hopkins Medicine The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Cancer Center.
The Pancreas - Parts of the Pancreas - Function of the Pancreas.
MedicineNet.com Pancreatic Cancer.
Few patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have identifiable risk factors.
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal because it grows and spreads rapidly and often is diagnosed in its late stages.
eMedicineHealth.com Pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis simply means inflammation of the pancreas. There are two types of pancreatitis, acute and chronic.
Better Health Channel Pancreas: Summary.
The Pancreas has dual roles - it is an organ of the Digestive System and of the Endocrine System.
The Exocrine Pancreas produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protein.
The Endocrine Pancreas makes the hormone insulin, which helps to control blood sugar levels.
Disorders of the Pancreas include acute or chronic Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes.
HealthLine.com Body Maps: The Pancreas.
The pancreas is a glandular organ that produces a number of hormones essential to the body. It forms an integral part of the digestive system.
American Cancer Society Pancreatic Cancer survival by stage.
Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a person’s prognosis (outlook). Some people with pancreatic cancer may want to know the survival statistics for people in similar situations, while others may not find the numbers helpful, or may even not want to know them. If you decide you do not want to know them, stop reading here and skip to the next section.
MedlinePlus.com Pancreatic Diseases.
The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:
- Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself.
- Pancreatic cancer.
- Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas
The pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals.
Patient.info The Pancreas.
On This Page:
- What is the pancreas?
- Where is the pancreas?
- What does the pancreas do?
- How does the pancreas work?
- Some disorders of the pancreas
- Further more detailed information available free online
- References

2. Pancreas Diseases

MedlinePlus.com Pancreatic Diseases
The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:
- Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself.
- Pancreatic Cancer.
- Cystic Fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas.
The pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In Type 1 Diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In Type 2 Diabetes, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals.
The National Pancreas Foundation Common disorders of the Pancreas.
There are a variety of disorders of the pancreas including:
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Chronic Pancreatitis
- Hereditary Pancreatitis
- Pancreatic Cancer
eMedicineHealth.com Pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis simply means inflammation of the pancreas. There are two types of pancreatitis, acute and chronic.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) What are the symptoms of EPI?
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), sometimes called pancreatic insufficiency for short, is the inability to break down and digest food properly.
Cedars-Sinai Most Frequently Asked Questions about Pancreatic and Biliary Diseases.
- What is the pancreas?
- What are the most common problems that affect the pancreas?
- What causes these pancreatic conditions?
- Can we live without a pancreas?
- What are the warning signs of pancreatic problems?
- If I suspect a pancreatic problem, what should I do?
- What are some of the other tests and treatments available today to treat pancreatitis and other common problems?
EndocrineWeb.com Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas.
The endocrine cells are clustered in groups within the pancreas which look like little islands of cells when examined under a microscope.
UC Health Pancreatic Disease Center.
UC Health Pancreatic Disease Center is nationally recognized for the diagnosis, treatment and management of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Patients travel from across the nation to receive responsive, innovative care from our trusted team of compassionate physicians and staff.
RMPancreatitis.com 10 Signs & Symptoms of Pancreatitis.
Everyone gets an occasional stomach ache, or feels under the weather now and again from something they ate, but when you are on the brink of pancreatitis, you know it isn’t just a quick digestive issue. Pancreatitis is unbelievably painful, and usually requires hospitalization.
MedicineNet.com Pancreatic Cancer.
Pancreatic Cancer is highly lethal because it grows and spreads rapidly and often is diagnosed in its late stages.
ScienceDirect.com The Vitamin D System is deregulated in Pancreatic Diseases.
The vitamin D system is deregulated during development and progression of several cancer types. Data on the expression of the vitamin D system in the diseased pancreas are missing.
NHS Choices Acute Pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis is a serious condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed over a short period of time. Most people with Acute Pancreatitis improve within a week and experience no further problems, but severe cases can have serious complications and can even be fatal.
PancreaticCancerAndYou.com Newly diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer? You may qualify for a clinical study.
You are not alone if you have been diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Approximately 46,400 people in the U.S. were diagnosed with this disease in 2014. Your participation in this study could help further Pancreatic Cancer research and may benefit others in the future.
Pancreapedia.org Smoking induced Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer.
Acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer are three major pancreatic diseases without any effective treatment. In this character, the latest knowledge regarding the association between these diseases and tobacco smoking is reviewed. Clinical evidence of the association is presented, followed by an overview of scientific evidence, and the potential pathways that mediate smoking-induced pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Pancreas

Johns Hopkins Medicine Disorders of the Pancreas.
Many disorders of the pancreas require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed here in the directory are some of the conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Emory Healthcare Benign conditions of the Pancreas.
In addition to cysts and various types of pancreatic cancer, there are also a number of other non-cancerous conditions that can affect the pancreas. Not only can these conditions cause painful symptoms, but they can also be life-threatening and contribute to the development of other serious diseases and conditions and often require timely medical attention.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insuffiency (EPD) Center 9 Health conditions linked to EPI.
Could you be at risk for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)? Having one of the medical conditions list here may increase your odds.
Beaumont Conditions of the Pancreas.
There are several benign and malignant conditions of the pancreas, the more common of which are featured here.
Right Diagnosis Pancreas Conditions and Information.
Any condition that affects the pancreas. The pancreas has two main functions. It produces digestive juices to help break down food and make hormones that control how the body uses or stores food. Examples of pancreas conditions includes pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis and diabetes.
PubMed.gov Treatment of Alcoholic Pancreatitis.
Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function. The majority of cases in the Western world are related to alcohol consumption. Treatment of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis has been difficult, since the mechanisms of disease progression and the causes of pain are poorly understood.
American Cancer Society Signs and symptoms on Pancreatic Cancer.
Having one or more of the symptoms listed here does not mean you have pancreatic cancer. In fact, many of these symptoms are more likely to be caused by other conditions. Still, if you have any of these symptoms, it’s important to have them checked by a doctor so that the cause can be found and treated, if needed.
Pancreas.org Rare Syndromes and Information.
- Congenital Abnormalities - Congenital Pancreatic Insufficiency Syndrome - Ductal System Malformation
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Some Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors are functional, which means they produce excess hormones that can lead to a variety of hormone-related symptoms. (Nonfunctional tumors do not produce hormones.) There are several types of functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors, described here.
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Unexplained Weight Loss.
Weight loss is a common problem in patients with pancreatic cancer. The weight loss can be associated with treatment or the cancer itself. Cancer-induced weight loss (also known as cancer cachexia) is a complex problem that affects the way calories and protein are used by the body. Cancer cachexia can cause the body to burn more calories than usual, break down muscle and decrease appetite.
The National Pancreas Foundation Nutrition advice & recipes.
For patients with pancreatic disease, there are many times when it is difficult to eat at all. Even when you are feeling well, you still have to be very careful to follow a low-fat diet. Here are some guidelines, and, as always, your doctor is the best one to tell you how to eat. Note that sometimes it is easier to eat small meals several times a day, instead of trying to sit down to three big meals.
Pancreatic Cyst & Cancer Early Detection Center FAQ's
6 Frequently Asked Questions with detailed answers.
MedicineNet.com Definition of Diabetes Mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus: More commonly referred to as "Diabetes". A chronic disease associated with abnormally high levels of the sugar glucose in the blood. Diabetes is due to one of two mechanisms:
1. Inadequate production of insulin (which is made by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose), or
2. Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin.

4. Organizations and Associations

Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Facing Pancreatic Cancer.
The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network is a nationwide network of people dedicated to working together to advance research, support patients and create hope for those affected by pancreatic cancer.
International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) Links to 7 additional websites about the Pancreas.
The International Association of Pancreatology is a unique international organisation established in 1985 and devoted to basic and clinical understanding of pancreatic functions and diseases. It is an assembly of basic scientists and clinical investigators from 32 countries dedicated to explore pancreatic biology in order to improve treatment outcomes in a variety of pancreatic disorders.
The National Pancreas Foundation Providing hope to those suffering from Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer.
The National Pancreas Foundation provides hope for those suffering from pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer through funding cutting edge research, advocating for new and better therapies, and providing support and education for patients, caregivers, and health care professionals.
American Cancer Society Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Support.
If you are facing pancreatic cancer, we can help you learn about your treatment options and possible side effects, and point you to information and services to help you get through treatment and live well afterward.
The National Pancreatic Cancer Foundation Welcome to the NCPF.
The mission of the National Pancreatic Cancer Foundation is to provide unwavering support for all those afflicted with or affected by pancreatic cancer, whether patient or family member, through the use of educational awareness, early detection research, support groups, and direct financial resource support programs, regardless the level of qualification of the patient.
Pancreatitis Association International (PAI) Yahoo Groups: Public Group 2398 members.
The Pancreatitis Association International (henceforth, PAI) was established in August 1999, to provide health related educational services to persons whose lives have been affected by pancreatitis. This discussion board is one of the ways for community outreach.
American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Acute Pancreatitis
This document presents the official recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute on "Management of Acute Pancreatitis." It was approved by the Clinical Practice and Economics Committee on February 14, 2007, and by the AGA Institute Governing Board on March 15, 2007.
American Thyroid Association (ATA) Dedicated to scientific inquiry, clinical experience, education, and collaboration.
The ATA is a unique society providing services to the public far beyond its membership numbers. Its 1,600 physician and scientist members from 43 countries around the world have a wealth of expertise and are mission-driven to make the world a better place for patients suffering with thyroid disease and thyroid cancer.
American Diabetes Association (ADA) Our Mission.
To prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes.
Pancreatic Cancer Alliance (PCA) Support in the fight against Pancreatic Cancer.
The mission of the Pancreatic Cancer Alliance is to support you in your fight against pancreatic cancer. We are a local organization, leading the way in Central Massachusetts, to support patients diagnosed with this devastating illness and families affected by pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatica Confronting Pancreatic Cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease. Taking an aggressive rational stance against pancreas cancer, at the earliest possible time, supported by the best medical team, and treated in the most appropriate manner gives the best chance for pancreatic cancer survival. We believe in strong patient-physician bonds, scientifically-based pancreatic cancer treatment, and that comfort can come from knowing that everything that reasonably can be done is being done. That the best approach is meeting cancer of the pancreas head-on and armed with the best available information.
Pancreatic Cancer Association of Western New York Creating Hope. Supporting a cure.
Our mission is to create awareness, raise funds, and advocate for those affected by pancreatic cancer.

5. Pancreas Research

National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) Pancreatic Islets.
To meet the requirements of pancreatic islet cell researchers who require specialized preparation or handling or do not have access to an islet isolation facility, the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) has established relationships with established islet cell isolation laboratories to isolate and distribute islet cells and associated materials to approved researchers for non-clinical research purposes.
National Institute of Health Stem Cells and Diabetes.
For decades, diabetes researchers have been searching for ways to replace the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas that are destroyed by a patient's own immune system. Now it appears that this may be possible.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Pancreatic Islet Transplantation.
Pancreatic islets, also called islets of Langerhans, are tiny clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ about the size of a hand located behind the lower part of the stomach.
Pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin. The pancreas also makes enzymes that help the body digest and use food.
ScienceDaily.com Insulin producing pancreatic cells created from human skin cells.
Scientists have converted human skin cells into fully-functional pancreatic cells. The new cells produced insulin in response to changes in glucose levels, and, when transplanted into mice, the cells protected the animals from developing diabetes in a mouse model of the disease.
MIT Technology Review A Pancreas in a capsule.
Stem-cell advocates pin their hopes on a method of treating diabetes.
Stanford Medicine New research could lead to pharmacological treatments for chronic pancreatitis, a severe and currently untreatable disease.
The pancreas is a tricky organ for researchers and surgeons alike because of its sensitivity. Tucked away in a hard-to-reach spot behind the stomach, it’s in charge of secreting enzymes to help digest everything you eat. Even slightly puncturing the pancreas during surgery can cause it to begin digesting itself.
That may be in part why there is so little understanding of what causes pancreatitis, a fairly common and quite painful disorder.
Diabetes Research Institute Foundation Researchers Find Striking Differences Between Human and Animal Insulin-Producing Islet Cells.
Diabetes researchers have discovered that the internal structure of human insulin-producing islet cells is dramatically different than the well studied islets in rodents – a striking finding that will impact the way research is conducted if it is to benefit people living with diabetes.
University of South Florida Researchers find potential source of insulin producing cells in adult pancreas.
Cells that express neurogenin 3 (NGN3) may one day be harnessed to create a plentiful supply of insulin-producing beta cells for the treatment of diabetes, a study led by researchers at the University of South Florida suggests.
UCLA Newsroom Research suggests popular diabetes drugs can cause abnormal pancreatic growth in humans.
Individuals who had taken a type of drug commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes showed abnormalities in the pancreas, including cell proliferation, that may be associated with an increased risk of neuroendocrine tumors, according to a new study by researchers from UCLA and the University of Florida.
University of Cambridge Stem cell breakthrough could set up future transplant therapies.
A new method for creating stem cells for the human liver and pancreas, which could enable both cell types to be grown in sufficient quantities for clinical use, has been developed by scientists.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute Giant step toward new diabetes treatment.
Harvard stem cell researchers today announced that they have made a giant leap forward in the quest to find a truly effective treatment for type 1 diabetes, a condition that affects an estimated 3 million Americans at a cost of about $15 billion annually:
Las Vegas Review Journal UNLV grads assist in artificial pancreas research.
For people who struggle with diabetes, the ultimate cure is a replacement for a faulty pancreas. While scientists are far from building an artificial organ, a breakthrough system being with the help of two alums from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas is bringing the diabetic community closer to one than ever before.
American Cancer Society What's new in Pancreatic Research and Treatment?
Research into the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer is under way in many medical centers throughout the world.
University of Michigan Health System Pancreatic Cancer Center: Research.
Information from these studies helps design improved drug treatment strategies, tailored to the specific genetic and biochemical features of the disease. These studies work in conjunction with efforts to identify new markers, which may permit earlier diagnosis in at-risk populations and allow earlier and more effective intervention.
Hirshberg Foundation For Pancreatic Cancer Research.
Welcome! As founder of the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research, my ultimate dream is that our children will not know the devastating facts of this or any other cancer. Since 1997 the Foundation's dedicated efforts have significantly raised awareness and understanding of pancreatic cancer, a disease expected to become the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the US by 2020.
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Research advances in Pancreas Cancer Research.
The transfer of research findings to clinical research has resulted in the development of a Pancreas Cancer Vaccine and other promising therapies.

6. Support and/or Support Groups

The National Pancreas Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Support Group.
The National Pancreas Foundation has teamed up with CancerConnect.com to moderate their pancreatic cancer online support group. We encourage both patients and caregivers to visit this online community and find a network of supporters all over the county.
Patient Access Network Foundation Patient Support Organizations
A very long list of websites for many diseases, disorders, and conditions where you may find support that will pertain to your needs.
The Pancreas Center February story of hope: Love & The Pancreas Center Support Group.
A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can make one feel alone. The very gravity of the disease bears a tremendous emotional burden, while the actual disease can wear one down physically. It's common for patients to be aware of how or what can be done for the treatment of the disease, whether it's chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and/or immunotherapy. Many times though, patients are completely unaware of any available psychological or emotional support that may be available to them. Because let's face it, cancer affects more than someone's physical health, it affects their emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. If one is lucky enough to have family or close friends as a support system, he/she can turn to them for an open ear, a loving embrace, or some sound advice. But sometimes, this is not a possibility — and even more so, sometimes this is not enough.
ExperienceProject.com I have Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency anonymous support group with information on diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, along with personal stories and experiences with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. You're not alone.
Cancer Hope Network How we can help.
As our core offering, we match cancer patients or co-survivors (caregivers closely connected to patients including spouses and family members) with trained Support Volunteers who have themselves undergone and recovered from a similar cancer experience. Your one-on-one match will be based upon the similarity of cancer experience including: cancer type, treatment protocol, side effects, cancer stage, and psychosocial issues/concerns.
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Online Support Groups.
For people who do not have a pancreatic cancer in-person group locally or who prefer to stay at home, online support groups and message boards are great options. Often, online support groups are facilitated by a professional counselor and offer the same benefits as in-person groups. Message boards provide a convenient way to post questions or comments and read others’ responses.
CancerCare.org Pancreatic Cancer Patient Support Group.
This is an 12-week telephone group for people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who are currently receiving a form of active treatment (which may consist of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal treatments and/or advanced cancer treatment).
DailyStrength.org Pancreatic Cancer Support Group.
Free: Anonymous support from people just like you.
Memorial Medical Center Support Groups.
Memorial Medical Center offers support groups for many health-related conditions because it helps aid in the healing process to converse with others in similar situations. Post-traumatic event or post-surgery is a critical time for healing. Staying informed and connected is crucial to your overall health. All are welcome to attend, and registration is not required.
CanCare.org Talk to someone who had the same diagnosis.
We understand. We had the same questions, fears and concerns when we were diagnosed with cancer that you may have. This is a free service and the information below is kept confidential and is never shared with any third parties. CanCare works with cancer survivors and caregivers who can relate to what you are experiencing, often being able to connect you with someone who has survived your specific type of cancer. Read some of their stories here.
Cancer Support Community Online Support: The Living Room.
The Living Room provides a place where anyone impacted by cancer can find support, education and hope. The Cancer Support Community offers a way to connect with others through real-time professionally-led support groups, the ability to keep family and friends up-to-date on personal web pages, more than 20 discussion boards and a special space for teens impacted by cancer.
Pancreas Tomorrow Online Support Groups.
Here is a list of a few online support groups and some you may need to register for first. Support groups can be very helpful when you or a loved one is going through a life-altering disease. These links are provided to connect, share stories and learn from each other.
eHealthForum.com Pancreas Disorders Forum.
Welcome to the Pancreas Disorders Forum - a health community featuring member and doctor discussions ranging from a specific symptom to related conditions, treatment options, medication, side effects, diet, and emotional issues surrounding medical conditions.
Kids Who Care Pediatric Pancreatitis: Online Support Group.
Our goal is to provide support especially for children with Pancreatitis as well as their families on coping with school/social/treatment related issues for this extremely painful and rare condition in children. Please join this group and make friends with other members who are going through this horrible condition. Adults with pancreatitis that acquired this disease in childhood, are also requested to join this group to share their experiences.

7. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

SoftSchools.com The Pancreas Facts.
The pancreas has two general jobs which are very important. It releases digestive juices (enzymes) and that process is called an exocrine function. The other general job it does is putting different chemical messengers called hormones into your blood, which help with a wide variety of functions in your body. This job is called an endocrine process. Read on for more fun facts about the pancreas.
WebMD Digestive Disorders Health Center.
Pancreas Conditions, Test, and Treatments: Many links for each to more information.
EveryDayHealth.com Diagnosing Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.
Many people with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency don't know they have it. Find out how this digestive disease can be diagnosed and treated.
Health Research Funding (HRF) 5 Interesting facts about the Pancreas.
You can find your pancreas just underneath your stomach and it is connected to the small intestines. Here are some interesting facts to keep in mind about this much needed part of the human body.
National Cancer Institute SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Pancreas Cancer.
Cancer is a complex topic. There is a wide range of information available. This factsheet does not address causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up care, or decision making, although it provides links to information in many of these areas.
World Cancer Research Fund International Pancreatic Cancer Statistis.
The early stages of this cancer do not usually produce symptoms, so the disease is generally advanced when it is diagnosed. The estimated 5-year prevalence of people in the world living with pancreatic cancer is 4.1 per 100,000. This cancer is almost always fatal, and is the seventh most common cause of death from cancer.
Cancer.net Pancreatic Cancer: Overview.
On This Page: You will find some basic information about this disease and the parts of the body it may affect. This is the first page of Cancer.Net’s Guide to Pancreatic Cancer. To see other pages, use the menu on the side of your screen. Think of that menu as a roadmap to this full guide.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) Pancreatic cancer treatment, statistics, and results.
When you are told you have pancreatic cancer and begin looking for treatment options, you may be concerned about life expectancy and quality of life. At CTCA, we believe you have the right to know our statistics for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment outcomes, so you can choose the best cancer care for you and your family.
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) What is Pancreatic Insufficiency?
Pancreatic insufficiency is a condition, not a disease. It is commonly associated with diseases such as pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis, in which patients have a shortage of the digestive enzymes necessary to break down food. It typically results from damage to the organ, such as chronic inflammation or after pancreatic surgery. Its main cause is alcohol dependence.
MedIndia.net Test your knowledge on the Pancreas.
Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine organ. It secretes insulin, which is required for sugar breakdown. To learn more about the unique functions of the pancreas, engage in the following quiz. 10 multiple choice questions.
FunTrivia.com Quiz: Get to know your Pancreas.
The pancreas is a glandular organ situated in the abdominal region of the human body. It is critical to sustain life as it carries out many functions to keep characteristics of the human body in balance. Enjoy!"
European Cancer Patient Coalition (ECPC) 15 Key facts on Pancreatic Cancer.
ECPC believes that cancer patients are the most important partners in the fight against cancer and against all the cancer-related issues affecting our society. Policy makers, researchers, doctors and industry should recognise cancer patients as co-creators of their own health.
American Cancer Society Pancreatic Cancer survival by stage.
Survival rates are often used by doctors as a standard way of discussing a person’s prognosis (outlook). Some people with pancreatic cancer may want to know the survival statistics for people in similar situations, while others may not find the numbers helpful, or may even not want to know them.
HealthLine.com Pancreatic Cancer: Prognosis & Life Expectancy.
Pancreatic cancer prognosis depends a great deal on the cancer’s stage at the time of diagnosis. Advanced stages of pancreatic cancer are generally more fatal than early stages. Many cases of pancreatic cancer aren’t detected until the cancer has progressed and spread to other parts of the body.

8. Resources for Pancreas Disorders and Conditions

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) Pancreatic Disease Resources.
Here you'll find links to resources that can help you stay informed about pancreatic conditions like chronic pancreatitis (CP), cystic fibrosis (CF), pancreatic cancer, and more. Get disease facts. Learn more about how these diseases relate to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Connect with people like you—online and offline. Learn how to raise awareness about your condition. And much more.
Genetics Home References Educational Resources - Information Pages.
These resources supplement the information in the Genetics Home Reference condition summary on hereditary pancreatitis.
MedicineNet.com Local resources for Pancreatitis.
A-Z List of the top 1000 cities, Resources by city (top 100 metros), and much more.
Adult Health Library Online Resources: Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders.
This page contains links to other Internet sites with information about liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here.
American Pancreatic Association (APA) Links and Resources.
13 Links to websites with more resources and information.
Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research Pancreas Cancer - Specific Resources.
The Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research is dedicated to advancing pancreatic cancer research, as well as providing information, resources, and support to pancreatic cancer patients and their families.
Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research Other sources of Pancreatic Cancer Information.
The Internet has many sources of information about pancreatic cancer; this section represents a growing archive of those resources.
MD Anderson Center Pancreatic Cancer Education Resources.
MD Anderson offers a wealth of cancer resources for our patients, their families and caregivers. Find educational documents, information on cancer-related topics, and more in the links here.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Other Pancreas Sites.
Many links to other websites with more information and services.
CancerCare.org Pancreatic Cancer.
CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by pancreatic cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer treatment information and additional resources.
The University of Kansas Hospital Pancreas Resources.
Your pancreas transplant team is ready to answer any questions you may have about your condition, transplant or ongoing care. In addition to patient forms and information, we’ve also provided a list of pancreas-related resources to help you learn more.
National Pancreatic Foundation Financial Resources.
The financial assistance program is a program that has been put in place to assist those with pancreatic cancer to help cover basic cost of living expenses. Due to the overwhelming response we have received for this program we are only able to provide assistance for necessary living expenses, please see below for more information on what we provide assistance for.
The Pancreas Club, Inc. Resources.
The Mission of the Pancreas Club, since its founding in 1966, is to promote the interchange of ideas between pancreatologists throughout the world and to maintain an informal “club” atmosphere.
UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases Pancreatic Links and Resources.
The UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases applies a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation and treatment of patients with pancreatic diseases.
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Our Resources.
Here is a list of resources on the web you may find helpful for learning about pancreatic cancer and the various treatments and support networks available.

The Spleen - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Spleen

LiveScience.com Spleen: Function, Location, & Problems.
The spleen is the largest organ in the lymphatic system. It is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it.
HealthLine.com Body Maps: The Spleen.
The spleen is the organ that is responsible for both the storage and purification of red blood cells. It is positioned in the left upper abdomen, and is the largest organ of the lymphatic system.
Merck Manual Overview of the Spleen.
People can live without a spleen. Sometimes the spleen must be removed surgically (splenectomy), for example, if it is severely damaged by an injury (see Spleen Injury) or if certain disorders cause it to become very large (see Enlarged Spleen). When the spleen is removed, the body loses some of its ability to produce protective antibodies and to remove unwanted microorganisms from the blood. As a result, the body’s ability to fight infections is impaired.
MedicineNet.com Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly).
An enlarged spleen is not normal and occurs as a consequence of another underlying disease.
Better Health Channel The Spleen.
On This Page:
- Spleen structure
- Disorders of the spleen
- Diagnosis of spleen disorders
- Treatment for spleen disorders
- Recovery after splenectomy
- Immunisations and splenectomy
- Where to get help
- Things to remember
Medical News Today (MNT) What is a ruptured spleen? What causes a splenic rupture?
Contents of this article:
- What is a ruptured spleen? Causes and symptoms.
- Diagnosis and treatment options.
HealthLine.com What is Spleen Removal?
Undergoing a spleen removal leaves you with a compromised, or weakened, immune system. Since infections can be more dangerous without a spleen, you may need yearly vaccines and prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent a bacterial infection from occurring. They aren’t used to treat an existing infection.
Dr. Axe Do you have an enlarged spleen? Warnings signs and 5 treatments.
So what exactly is an enlarged spleen, how can you tell if you have one and how can you treat it if you do? Turns out there are natural ways to deal with this common condition.
WebMD.com Spleen problems and Spleen pain.
If you have severe pain or pain that gets worse when taking a deep breath, seek medical advice right away. A doctor will probably ask you questions about your medical history and examine your spleen by pressing and palpating it. Tests will be done to establish the cause, and may include blood tests, ultrasound, or a computerised tomography (CT) scan.
eHow.com Facts about the Spleen.
The spleen is an organ in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system maintains the body's fluid balance and helps fight against infection.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Wandering Spleen.
Congenital wandering spleen is a very rare, randomly distributed birth defect characterized by the absence or weakness of one or more of the ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal position in the upper left abdomen. The disorder is not genetic in origin. Instead of ligaments, the spleen is attached by a stalk-like tissue supplied with blood vessels (vascular pedicle).

2. Spleen Diseases

MedicineNet.com Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly).
An enlarged spleen is not normal and occurs as a consequence of another underlying disease.
Medical News Today What is a ruptured spleen? What causes a splenic rupture?.
b A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency, but it can be challenging to diagnose as it can present in different ways. Treatment for damage to the spleen depends on the severity of the damage and the patient's condition.
WebMD.com Enlarged Spleen: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments.
An enlarged spleen is not always a sign of a problem. When a spleen becomes enlarged, though, it often means it has been doing its job but has become overactive. For example, sometimes the spleen is overactive in removing and destroying blood cells. This is called Hypersplenism. It can happen for many reasons, including problems with too many platelets and other disorders of the blood.
GaucherCare.com Teenagers.
Gaucher disease typically affects the body in many ways as a result of Gaucher cells accumulating in various organs, especially the liver, spleen, and the bone marrow. The disease’s bone-related symptoms can be particularly painful and debilitating, impairing a patient’s mobility.
RightDiagnosis.com Enlarged Spleen in children.
An enlarged spleen in children is a swelling or distention of the spleen in a child. See detailed information here for a list of 71 causes of Enlarged spleen in children, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.
RightDiagnosis.com Spleen Cancer.
A malignancy of white blood cells involving tumor deposits in the spleen. The spleen is a lymphatic organ and has numerous functions in the body including filtering the blood and producing immune cells such as white blood cells. There are a number of different types of spleen cancers.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Wandering Spleen.
Congenital wandering spleen is a very rare, randomly distributed birth defect characterized by the absence or weakness of one or more of the ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal position in the upper left abdomen. The disorder is not genetic in origin.
LiveStrong.com Food for a healthy Spleen.
A healthy diet consisting of a variety of nutrients can keep your spleen healthy and functioning efficiently. Here are some suggestions and information.
Rhode Island Hospital Diseases of the Spleen.
Diseases of the spleen almost always involve excessive removal of blood cells from the circulation.
HealthGrades.com A Swollen Spleen.
The medical term for a swollen spleen is splenomegaly. Common signs of a swollen spleen are hiccups, a loss of appetite, and pain in your abdomen on the upper left side. In some cases, there may be no symptoms of a swollen spleen.
National Gaucher Foundation, Inc. Symptoms of Gaucher Disease.
Gaucher disease can cause:
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Easy Bruising and Bleeding
- Nosebleeds
- Osteoporosis
- Bone pain and easily broken bones
- Swollen stomach due to enlarged liver and/or spleen
CalmClinic.com How anxiety affects your spleen.
Generally, the spleen plays little role with anxiety, and the organ itself has very little function. It may be affected by stress, but it doesn't appear to be medically associated with anxiety. However, there are many cultures that believe an affected spleen is actually responsible for anxiety. We'll explore that idea in this article.
HealthyAndNaturalWorld Signs and symptoms of Spleen Disease you shouldn't ignore.
Many people are not aware when there is an issue with their spleen, however changes to this organ often signal that there is an underlying issue that needs looking into. Your spleen is an organ you might not think about very often. It doesn’t get as much coverage and popular attention as some other parts of the body. Yet, your spleen performs some important functions, and when it’s not working as well as it should, this can result in serious problems.
BT.com Spleen Cancer: The Facts, The Symptoms, and The Causes.
How many people really know what Cancer of the Spleen is?
In fact, how many even know what the Spleen is?
Here are the answers to common questions about the Spleen and Spleen Cancer.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Spleen

NHS Choices Spleen Disorders and Splenectomy.
Some people are born without a spleen or need to have it removed because of disease or injury.
It's an important part of your immune system but you can survive without it, as the liver can take over many of the spleen's functions.
Read on to learn more.
WebMD Spleen Problems and Spleen Pain.
If you have severe pain or pain that gets worse when taking a deep breath, seek medical advice right away. A doctor will probably ask you questions about your medical history and examine your spleen by pressing and palpating it. Tests will be done to establish the cause, and may include blood tests, ultrasound, or a computerised tomography (CT) scan.
LiveStrong.com Signs of Spleen problems.
According to the Mayo Clinic, it's possible that an enlarged spleen will produce no signs or symptoms, but some signs can include pain in the upper left abdomen area. This pain can spread to the left shoulder. Even without eating, a person with an enlarged spleen can feel full because the spleen is pressing against the stomach. Frequent infections and bleeding easily are two signs of an enlarged spleen due to a degradation of the spleen functions. Other signs of an enlarged spleen are anemia and fatigue.
Hpathy.com Spleen pain, Diseases, Infection, and Enlarged Spleen.
Information about spleen diseases and disorders, description of common diseases of spleen, spleen diseases symptoms, homeopathy medicine or homeopathic treatment for spleen diseases.
RightDiagnosis.com Splenic Infarct.
A relatively uncommon condition where a portion of spleen tissue dies due to a lack of sufficient blood supply to the affected tissue for any reason.
LifeScript.com Myelofibrosis.
Myelofibrosis is a serious bone marrow disorder that disrupts your body's normal production of blood cells. The result is extensive scarring in your bone marrow, leading to severe anemia, weakness, fatigue, and often, an enlarged spleen and liver.
DiseaseAndSymptom.com Symptom Checker.
Doctors diagnose most of the diseases by signs and symptoms. Our sophisticated diagnosis tools implement some of doctor's medical knowledge and reasoning process so you can make a self-diagnosis with them.
Go to this page to start your diagnosis.
GlutenFreeWorks.com Spleen Disorders.
This category comprises disorders of the spleen that involve damage to splenic tissue or impairment of its functions due to malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, and immune mechanism.
Patient.info Hereditary Spherocytosis.
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is an inherited condition of red blood cells. The disease can be mild and go unrecognised in some people. In others there may be severe anaemia requiring regular blood transfusions. Some people with HS may be offered surgery to remove their spleen. This usually helps the condition, but increases their risk of developing severe infections.
eHealth.com Spleen Disorders Symptoms.
Pain in the left abdomen under the ribs one of the first signs that you may be experiencing trouble with your spleen. An enlarged spleen has many possible causes, and requires medical diagnosis. To learn more about what these causes are, and how to diagnose an enlarged spleen, keep reading.
OrgansOfTheBody.com Spleen Function, Location, Size, and Disorders.
Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body. Lymphatic or lymphoid organs are the major parts of the immune system of our body. Function of the immune system is to protect the host (i.e. human body) from the invasion of foreign organisms.
HealthLine.com Spleen Removal.
Undergoing a spleen removal leaves you with a compromised, or weakened, immune system. Since infections can be more dangerous without a spleen, you may need yearly vaccines and prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent a bacterial infection from occurring. They aren’t used to treat an existing infection.
MayoClinic.org Splenectomy (Spleen Removal): The Risk.
Splenectomy is generally a safe procedure. But as with any surgery, Splenectomy carries the potential risk of complications, including:
- Bleeding
- Blood Clots
- Infection
- Injury to nearby organs, including your stomach, pancreas and colon.

Long term risk of infection
After spleen removal, you're more likely to contract serious or life-threatening infections. Your doctor may recommend you receive vaccines against pneumonia, influenza, Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) and meningococci. He or she may also recommend that you take preventive antibiotics, especially if you have other conditions that increase your risk of serious infections.

4. Spleen Research

ScienceAlert.com Researchers have developed an artificial spleen that cleans up blood infections.
Scientists from the US have developed a new, high-tech device that can clear infections from blood - even those caused by unknown pathogens.
The technology was inspired by our own spleen, and, as Sara Reardon reports for Nature News, it can rid the blood of “everything from Escherichia coli to Ebola”.
The New York Times Finally, the spleen gets some respect.
Scientists have discovered that the spleen, long consigned to the B-list of abdominal organs and known as much for its metaphoric as its physiological value, plays a more important role in the body’s defense system than anyone suspected.
RewireMe.com Stress, the immune system, and your spleen.
It makes sense: The neurophysiological response to trauma can alter the brain in ways that continually affect survivors’ behavior. Can the immune system have similar effects? Very possibly. Research published in the Journal of Neuroscience and Biological Psychiatry suggests that your immune system can alter both your mood and your behavior.
ScienceDaily.com Lymphoid cells discovered in human spleen, essential for production of antibodies.
Researchers have discovered the presence of a novel subtype of innate lymphoid cells in human spleen essential for the production of antibodies. This discovery, published in the journal Nature Immunology, clears the path to the identification of novel strategies to develop more efficient vaccines against encapsulated bacteria, considered highly virulent.
Center for Systems Biology The Spleen's newly discovered function.
In a ground-breaking study published in Science 2009, researchers at the Center for Systems Biology (CSB) showed that the spleen, an organ previously regarded as somewhat redundant, in fact plays a key role in the healing response following a heart attack.
Springer.com The development of the human spleen.
Ultrastructural studies in the fetuses from the 14th to 24th week of gestation.
BioMed Central Assessment of immune cells and function of the residual spleen after subtotal splenectomy due to splenomegaly in cirrhotic patients.
The spleen is thought to be central in regulating the immune system, a metabolic asset involved in endocrine function. Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection leads to a mortality rate of up to 50%.
DiscoveryMedicine.com Regenerative Medicine: Stem Cell Research turns to the Spleen.
The spleen has been considered by some as a dispensable organ. However, recent research findings suggest that the spleen is an important stem cell reservoir. The spleen kicks in to help with many biological emergencies wherein a new source of cells is necessary.
MedicalPress.com The existence of neutrophils in the Spleen discovered.
For the first time, it has been discovered that neutrophils exist in the spleen without there being an infection. This important finding made by the research group on the Biology of B Cells of IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) in collaboration with researchers from Mount Sinai in New York, has also made it possible to determine that these neutrophils have an immunoregulating role.
Journal of Medical Sciences & Health Cadaveric study of Morphometry of Spleen.
Spleen is a clinically important organ because of its immunological and hematological role in the body. It can show a wide range of variation, the knowledge of which is important for physicians, surgeons and radiologists The present study was done to perform a morphometric analysis of cadaveric spleens and compare the results with previous studies.
IFLScience.com Scientist develop blood cleansing Artificial Spleen.
Researchers from Harvard’s Wyss Institute have developed a spleen-inspired device capable of rapidly filtering out pathogenic organisms and deadly toxins from the blood of patients. It’s hoped that one day, this blood-cleansing tool could be used to help individuals suffering from a life-threatening condition called sepsis.
National Geographic Vestigial Organs not so useless after all, studies find.
In studies where we removed the spleen and then induced a heart attack, we saw a vastly fewer number of monocytes accumulate.
Simply put, mice without spleens weren't able to recover as well. Neither, it seems, can humans without spleens.
Children's Medical Center Children’s Research Institute identifies emergency response system for blood formation.
Scientists at the Children’s Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern (CRI) have determined how the body responds during times of emergency when it needs more blood cells. In a study published in Nature, researchers report that when tissue damage occurs, in times of excessive bleeding, or during pregnancy, a secondary, emergency blood-formation system is activated in the spleen.

5. Support and/or Support Groups

eHealthForum.com Conditions and Diseases: Spleen Forum.
Welcome to the Spleen Forum - a health community featuring member and doctor discussions ranging from a specific symptom to related conditions, treatment options, medication, side effects, diet, and emotional issues surrounding medical conditions.
Platelet Disorder Support Association (PDSA) Local Support Groups.
PDSA has support groups across the United States and Canada and new groups continue to form. Listed below are existing groups with scheduled meeting dates. No group listed in your area? Consider forming a group and becoming a facilitator. We’ll provide you with a New Facilitator Kit to help you get a group started.
Patient.info Spleen Disorders and Splenectomy.
Can you help? Discussions needing a reply. Join the group, sign in and make your reply to a post or start a new discussion.
CanCare.org Talk to someone who had the same diagnosis.
We understand. We had the same questions, fears and concerns when we were diagnosed with cancer that you may have. This is a free service and the information here is kept confidential and is never shared with any third parties. CanCare works with cancer survivors and caregivers who can relate to what you are experiencing, often being able to connect you with someone who has survived your specific type of cancer. Read some of their stories here.
National Gaucher Foundation, Inc. Education - Support - Hope
You're Not Alone: The NGF provides support through financial, educational, and research programs.
SarcomaHelp.org Angiosarcoma stories and support.
Her name is Precious Synamun Foster. I met her on a blog after being diagnosed with primary angiosarcoma of the breast. Like me, she was being treated at Sloan Kettering. At the time, I knew no one with any type of sarcoma cancer. The first few months were, as we all know, a nightmare.
Macmillan Cancer Support Information and support in your area.
What's going on near you? Find out about support groups, where to get information and how to get involved with Macmillan where you live.
ExperienceProject.com I have no spleen.
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 103 People.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America Tips and Support.
Designed especially for our patients and their loved ones, the support provided at Cancer Treatment Centers of America will help you handle the many important medical, and non-medical, aspects of your care. We'll also help you maintain your quality of life when your treatment is complete.
Explore a section here to learn how we support you and to find tips for managing cancer.
DailyStrength.org Free, anonymous support from people just like you.
Welcome to the support you've been looking for. Browse our +500 communities of people facing similar life challenges, medical conditions, and mental health issues and find people who understand exactly what you're going through.
Cancer Support Community of Central Indiana A global network of education and hope.
Cancer Support Community of Central Indiana is part of an international network of communities dedicated to bringing cancer patients worldwide the best in psychosocial oncology care.

6. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

Encyclopedia.com The Spleen.
The spleen is in a way a poor relation among organs in that it is rarely in the public eye, not even on the butcher's counter. It is not susceptible to dramatic televisual imaging and it does not invite transplantation. It does however sometimes need to be removed: it can suffer hidden injury, for example in crushing or road traffic accidents, when its rupture can cause internal bleeding; other causes for splenectomy (removal) include some blood diseases.
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Spleen Cancer: the facts, the symptoms, and the causes.
Cancer that starts in the spleen is very rare, some rare types of lymphoma, which is a cancer of the lymphatic system, can start there because the spleen contains lymphatic tissue and, though it’s unusual, some cancers can start in the spleen’s blood vessels.
Lymphomas that start elsewhere in the body can also sometimes spread to the spleen, as can some other types of cancer.
RightDiagnosis.com Statistics About Spleen Conditions.
This page presents a variety of statistics about Spleen conditions. The term 'prevalence' of Spleen conditions usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Spleen conditions at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Spleen conditions refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Spleen conditions diagnosed each year.
National Institute of Health Hydatid Cyst of the Spleen: A Diagnostic Challenge.
Although splenic involvement alone in hydatid disease is very rare, spleen is the third most common organ involved in hydatid disease. The rarity of splenic hydatid disease poses a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, particularly in non-endemic areas.
National Institute of Health The incidence of Splenectomy is decreasing: lessons learned from trauma experience.
Over the past decade, splenic preservation has become a well-reported and accepted principle in trauma management. The reasons for splenic preservation may have influenced nontraumatic surgical management as well. To investigate the changing incidence and indications for splenectomy, we conducted a 10-year review of all splenectomies at our institution.
The American Journal of Medicine Evaluation of severe infection and survival after Splenectomy.
Splenectomized patients are known to be at risk of severe infection, but the extent of risk is unclear. We evaluated the incidence of severe infection and survival in 1648 splenectomized patients.
MedScape.com Splenic Rupture.
Although protected under the bony ribcage, the spleen remains the most commonly affected organ in blunt injury to the abdomen in all age groups. While some references occasionally document liver injuries as being more common, blunt injuries to the spleen are documented more frequently as the primary solid organ injury in the abdomen.
MedicineNet.com Enlarged Spleen: Related Pictures & Quizzes.
This collection of slideshows, quizzes, and images is intended to help you learn and test your knowledge of Enlarged Spleen and related conditions.
TheFullWiki.com Splenectomy: Quiz.
Test your knowledge and take this 10 question quiz with multiple choice answers.
MedicineNet.com Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly) facts.
An enlarged spleen is not normal and occurs as a consequence of another underlying disease.
RightDiagnosis.com Hospital Statistics for Splenomegaly.
Research hospital quality ratings and patient safety measures for medical facilities in specialties related to Splenomegaly.
QuizMeOnline.net Splenomegaly Quiz.
Take this quiz and increase your knowledge an enlarged spleen (Splenomegaly), 10 multiple choice questions.

7. Resources for Spleen Disorders and Conditions

eCase Report Laparoscopic Splenectomy in a Minimal Resource Setting.
This study examines the perioperative outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy in a minimal resources setting in the Caribbean. Seventeen consecutive patients who underwent elective laparoscopic splenectomies by a single surgeon from August 2003 to December 2008 were studied. Data collected included patients’ demographics, indications for surgery, operative time, complications, and outcome.
Platelet Disorders Support Association (PDSA) Resources.
PDSA was founded on the premise that informed patients are in a better position to understand their disease, have more meaningful dialogue with their doctors, and potentially have an improved opportunity to heal. Staying true to our mission, our online Resources Section was compiled in an effort to assist patients and their families.
Society of Surgical Oncology Resources.
SSO provides many resources for surgical oncology professionals to help improve their practice and patient care. Click on the links here to learn more.
Merck Manual Spleen Injury.
Because of the spleen’s position in the upper left side of the abdomen, a severe blow to the stomach area can damage the spleen, tearing its covering, the tissue inside, or both. The tears range from small ones that stop bleeding spontaneously to very large ones that cause potentially fatal hemorrhage. Sometimes a collection of blood (hematoma) forms under the covering of the spleen or deep within it.
Wiskott Aldrich Foundation Resources, Organizations, and Links.
This Wiskott-Aldrich Foundation was founded in 2002 by friends and families of children facing WAS. Understanding first-hand the many challenges faced by these families, we have put together some important resources that our families need to cope better with this challenging disease.
Mayo Clinic Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly).
Lifestyle and Home Remedies.
EveryDayHealth.com What is Laparoscopy?
This surgical technique allows for a less invasive approach to a number of procedures. Laparoscopy is a less invasive way of performing surgery to diagnose or treat a variety of medical conditions.
KidsHealth.org Spleen and Lymphatic System.
The spleen, located in the upper left part of the abdomen under the ribcage, works as part of the lymphatic system to protect the body, clearing worn-out red blood cells and other foreign bodies from the bloodstream to help fight off infection.
UpToDate.com Patient information: Preventing severe infection after splenectomy (Beyond the Basics).
The spleen is an organ that removes damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream. It also protects the body against bloodstream infection by removing bacteria from the blood. If the spleen is surgically removed or does not work correctly, a minor infection can potentially develop into a life-threatening infection known as sepsis. Fortunately, treatments to prevent minor infections from becoming life-threatening can be effective when taken as soon as symptoms appear.
This topic reviews how the spleen works, why it might be removed or not function correctly, and ways to prevent serious infections.
MedlinePlus.com Spleen Diseases, also called: Splenic Diseases.
On This Page, links to these 12 topics with information:

Overview
Diagnostic Test
Treatments and Therapies
Related Issues
Specifics
Clinical Trials

Journal Articles

Find an Expert

Children

Teenagers

Patient Handouts

And More

The Bladder - Information, Resources, Conditions, Diseases, etc.

1. About the Bladder

LiveScience.com Bladder: Facts, Function, & Disease.
The bladder is a round, bag-like organ that stores urine. It is located in the pelvic area, just below the kidneys and right behind the pelvic bone.
HealthLine.com In Depth: The Bladder.
The bladder, like the stomach, is an expandable saclike organ that contracts when it is empty. The inner lining of the bladder tucks into the folds and expands out to accommodate liquid.
When empty, the bladder’s muscle wall becomes thicker and the entire bladder becomes firm. As the ureters, two tubes that expel urine from the kidneys to the bladder, fill the bladder, the muscle wall thins and the bladder moves upward, toward the abdominal cavity.
CairnTechnology.com Cairn Technology Consultancy Service.
15 Interesting facts about the Human Bladder.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases The Urinary Tract and how it works.
On This Page:
- What is the urinary tract and how does it work?
- Why is the urinary tract important?
- What affects the amount of urine a person produces?
- Points to Remember
- Clinical Trials
InnerBody.com The Urinary System.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra together form the urinary tract, which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys, store it, and then release it during urination.
MedicineNet.com Bladder Cancer (Cancer of the Urinary Bladder).
The bladder is a hollow organ that collects urine from the kidneys through the ureters for storage and eventual removal from the body through the urethra. Bladder cancer is the abnormal growth of bladder cells and is a common cancer; men have a higher risk of getting bladder cancer than women.
SpinHub.com Your Bladder - The Facts.
Your bladder serves a vital function by removing waste products from your body, and your spinal injury is likely to have had an effect on its ability to work well. There are a number of ways you can help ensure good bladder health.
American Physiological Society (APS) Urinary Bladder Contraction and Relaxation: Physiology and Pathophsiology.
The urinary bladder has two important functions: storage of urine and emptying. Storage of urine occurs at low pressure, which implies that the bladder relaxes during the filling phase. Disturbances of the storage function may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence, the components of the overactive bladder syndrome (3). The overactive bladder syndrome, which may be due to involuntary contractions of the smooth muscle of the bladder (detrusor) during the storage phase, is a common and underreported problem, the prevalence of which has only recently been assessed.
Better Health Channel Urinary System.
Many of the body’s waste products are passed out of the body in urine. The urinary system is made up of kidneys, bladder, ureters and the urethra.
On This Page:
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Common problems
- Things to remember
National Cancer Institute General Information about Bladder Cancer.
Key Points:
- Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
- Smoking can affect the risk of bladder cancer.
- Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine and pain during urination.
- Tests that examine the urine and bladder are used to help detect (find) and diagnose bladder cancer.
- Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.
Mayo Clinic Bladder Stones.
Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in your bladder. Bladder stones develop when urine in your bladder becomes concentrated, causing minerals in your urine to crystallize. Concentrated, stagnant urine is often the result of not being able to completely empty your bladder.
eMedicineHealth.com Bladder Cancer.
Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a degenerative, dangerous, or what is called a malignant change or transformation causing them to grow abnormally and multiply without normal controls. A mass of cancerous cells is called a malignant tumor or cancer. The cancerous cells are capable of spreading to other areas of the body through the process of metastasis.
Radiologyinfo.org Kidney and Bladder Stones.
Kidney and bladder stones are solid build-ups of crystals made from minerals and proteins found in urine. Certain bladder conditions and urinary tract infections can increase your chance of developing stones.
Reeve Foundation Paralysis: Bladder Management.
Paralysis at any level usually affects bladder control. The nerves controlling these organs attach to the very base of the spinal cord (levels S2–S4) and are therefore cut off from brain input. Although it may not be possible to regain the control one had before paralysis, a wide range of techniques and tools are available to manage what is termed a neurogenic bladder.
Kidney & Urology Urinary System and how it works.
The organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves that work together to create, store, and carry urine are the urinary system. The urinary system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles, and the urethra.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) How your body makes, stores, and releases urine.
Understanding Your Body provides easy-to-understand explanations of body systems and disease conditions. This material can be used for patient education, life sciences curriculum development, or to enhance public understanding of general health concepts.

2. Bladder Diseases

MedlinePlus Bladder Diseases.
The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Many conditions can affect your bladder.
Some common ones are:
- Cystitis - inflammation of the bladder, often from an infection.
- Urinary incontinence - loss of bladder control.
- Overactive bladder - a condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out at the wrong time.
-Interstitial cystitis - a chronic problem that causes bladder pain and frequent, urgent urination.
- Bladder cancer
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS).
On This Page:
- What is IC/PBS?
- What causes IC/PBS?
- How is IC/PBS diagnosed?
- What are the treatments for IC/PBS?
- Are there any special concerns regarding IC/PBS?
- Suggested Reading
- Clinical Trials
- And More
LiveStrong.com Common Diseases of the Bladder.
The bladder is a hollow, distensible organ located in the pelvis that serves to both store and expel urine from the body. A variety of different causes can result in bladder dysfunction. If you suspect that you or someone you know is suffering from bladder problems, medical consultation is advised so that proper evaluation and treatment can be undertaken.
HealthLine.com Bladder Infection.
A bladder infection, also called cystitis, is a bacterial infection within the bladder. Some people call a bladder infection a urinary tract infection (UTI) or cystitis. This refers to a bacterial infection anywhere in the urinary tract, such as the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra.
Urology at UCLA Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome.
The varying types of symptoms and degrees of severity have led many experts to conclude that IC may actually be several diseases, and to use the umbrella term painful bladder syndrome (PBS) to cover cases of urinary pain not caused by infection, urinary stones, or other known culprits.
Encyclopedia Britannica Renal System Disease.
Renal system disease, any of the diseases or disorders that affect the human excretory system. They include benign and malignant tumours, infections and inflammations, and obstruction by calculi.
BotoxForOAB.com Another Approach to Overactive Bladder.
Botox is a different treatment option that takes another approach to targeting the source of your OAB: the bladder muscle itself. And now just might be the right time to ask your doctor about how Botox treatment may help you with your OAB symptoms.
MedicineNet.com Bladder related Diseases & Conditions.
Medical conditions are often related to other diseases and conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments related to the topic of Bladder Infection. These conditions may be a cause or symptom of Bladder Infection or be a condition for which you may be at increased risk.
Nature.com Bladder Disease.
Bladder disease is an umbrella term used to describe pathological conditions that affect the structure or function of the bladder. Bladder diseases include conditions related to inflammation, infection and urinary incontinence.
HealthCentral.com Medtronic Bladder Control Therapy.
Find out if Medtronic Bladder Control Therapy is right for you.
Medtronic Bladder Control Therapy treats urinary retention not caused by an obstruction; and the symptoms of overactive bladder, including urinary urge, incontinence (leakage) and significant symptoms of urgency-frequency. It should be used after you have tried other treatments such as medications and behavioral therapy and they have not worked, or you could not tolerate them.
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias-Cloacal Exstrophy Complex.
Bladder exstrophy is a rare developmental abnormality that is present at birth (congenital) in which the bladder and related structures are turned inside out. The rear portion of the bladder wall (posterior vesical wall) turns outward (exstrophy) through an opening in the abdominal wall and urine is excreted through this opening. The extent of the exstrophy depends on how large the opening is. The mildest form is when there is a defect or opening in the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder (urethra) and is termed epispadias.

3. Conditions and Disorders of the Bladder

BaylorHealth.com Bladder Disorders.
A variety of bladder disorders ranging from incontinence to bladder cancer can cause pain, irritation and embarrassment. Many can be controlled or corrected through medication, bladder retraining and possibly surgery.
Right Diagnosis Bladder Conditions.
Any of a number of disorders of the bladder. The bladder is a hollow organ located in the pelvic region of the abdomen. The bladder stores urine produced by the kidney until urination occurs.
Merck Manual Neurogenic Bladder.
Neurogenic Bladder is lack of bladder control because of a nerve problem such as a stroke, spinal cord injury, or tumor.
HealthLine.com Bladder Infection.
A bladder infection, also called cystitis, is a bacterial infection within the bladder. Some people call a bladder infection a urinary tract infection (UTI) or cystitis. This refers to a bacterial infection anywhere in the urinary tract, such as the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra.
HealthGrades.com Urinary Disorders.
The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Your kidneys filter your blood, creating urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. When the appropriate time comes, the muscles of your bladder contract and urine exits your body through your urethra.
YourKidneys.com Urinary System Disorders.
Your urinary system removes waste and extra fluid from your blood. There are many different urinary system disorders that can arise within this complex system. If you are having pain, difficulty passing urine or any other problems with your urinary tract, you should contact your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. Early detection and treatment of urinary tract problems may play a role in keeping your kidneys healthy.
eMedicineHealth.com Bladder Control Problems.
Incontinence is a symptom with a wide variety of causes. The most common causes include those listed here with much more information.
Urology Associates Bladder & Urinary Tract Conditions.
Conditions at a glance:
- Numerous conditions can affect the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract, the system that processes urine and carries it out of the body.
- Some of these conditions are specific to men, others to women, and some affect both sexes.
- Whenever men or women suspect they have a health issue with the bladder or the urinary tract, they should consult a physician.
- Left untreated, these conditions can affect health and potentially cause kidney damage, which can be very serious.
NHS Choices Bladder Stones: Treatment.
Surgery will usually be needed to remove bladder stones.
It may be possible to flush small bladder stones out of your bladder by drinking lots of water, but this may not work if you can't completely empty your bladder of urine.
Other methods of treatment and recovery are listed here.
Urology Care Foundation Bladder Trauma.
Fortunately traumatic injury to the bladder is uncommon. The bladder is located within the bony structures of the pelvis and is protected from most external forces. But injuries can occur as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma. Information here should help explain why timely evaluation and proper management are critical for the best outcomes.
National Cancer Institute General information about Bladder Cancer.
Key Points:
- Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
- Smoking can affect the risk of bladder cancer.
- Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine and pain during urination.
- Tests that examine the urine and bladder are used to help detect (find) and diagnose bladder cancer.
- Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.
KidsHealth.org Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Related Infections.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids, especially girls and uncircumcised boys. In fact, by age 5, about 8% of girls and 1%–2% of boys have had at least one UTI.
SpineUniverse.com Spinal Disorders May Cause Neurogenic Bladder Disorder or Dysfunction.
Spinal disorders or injuries that cause nerve compression or damage may cause Neurogenic Bladder Disorder (NBD); also termed Bladder Dysfunction. NBD means the patient has problems with urination.
Urology Care Foundation Bladder Diverticulum.
A bladder diverticulum is a pouch in the bladder wall that a person may either be born with ("congenital") or get later ("acquired").
Harvard Health Publications Bladder Cancer: Men at risk.
Genitourinary malignancies are a worry for men. In adolescents and young adults, testicular cancer is the main concern. One of the unappreciated benefits of growing older is that cancer of the testicles becomes rare — but as men outgrow that risk, they face the problem of prostate cancer.
HealthHype.com Bladder fullness sensation causes in men and women.
Bladder fullness is a sensation that the bladder is filled to capacity and there is a need to urinate. This is also known as urinary or bladder urging. It is normal sensation that every person experiences as the bladder fills close to its maximum capacity. It serves as a signal that a person needs to find the appropriate facility to urinate. Although the sensation can be ignored for a period of time if the situation is not suitable, the sensation gradually intensifies until a person can no longer bear it or a person may end up urinating involuntarily.
American Cancer Society Bladder Cancer Surgery.
Surgery is part of the treatment for most bladder cancers. The type of surgery used depends on the stage (extent) of the cancer.
WebMD.com Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.
Cystectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the bladder. It is used to treat bladder cancer that has spread into the bladder wall or to treat cancer that has come back (recurred) following initial treatment.
EveryDayHealth.com Bladder Cancer Treatment.
Several different procedures and drugs can be used to treat bladder cancer.
In some cases, more than one type of treatment will be necessary.
The course of treatment your doctor recommends will depend on the specific type of bladder cancer cells present, and how much the cancer has spread.
Common treatments for bladder cancer include surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

4. Bladder Research

Wake Forest School of Medicine Bladder Research Center.
The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine is a world leader in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The planning center works to leverage this talent and excellence to develop novel therapies and improved regenerative technologies to treat urological disease.
World Journal of Stem Cells (WJSC) Stem cell applications for pathologies of the Urinary Bladder.
New stem cell based therapies are undergoing intense research and are widely investigated in clinical fields including the urinary system.
Cancer Research UK About Bladder Cancer.
This section tells you about bladder cancer. Links to these topics:
- The bladder.
- Bladder cancer risks and causes.
- Screening for bladder cancer.
- Bladder cancer symptoms.
- Types of bladder cancer.
- Guidelines for seeing a specialist.
- What to ask your doctor about bladder cancer.
Purdue University Urinary Bladder Cancer Research.
Currently, more than 400,000 people in the United States have urinary bladder cancer. This disease detracts from quality of life and takes the lives of more than 16,000 people each year. Most deaths are due to the more aggressive form of bladder cancer, high grade, invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Fortunately, many people with bladder cancer have a less aggressive form of the disease (lower grade, superficial bladder cancer) that is usually not life threatening.
British Medical Bulletin Tissue engineering of human bladder.
There are a number of conditions of the bladder that can lead to loss of function. Many of these require reconstructive procedures. However, current techniques may lead to a number of complications. Replacement of bladder tissues with functionally equivalent ones created in the laboratory could improve the outcome of reconstructive surgery.
UC Davis Health System Stem cell findings may offer answers for some bladder defects and disease.
For the first time, scientists have succeeded in coaxing laboratory cultures of human stem cells to develop into the specialized, unique cells needed to repair a patient’s defective or diseased bladder.
American Cancer Society What's new in bladder cancer research?
Important research into causes, prevention, detection, and treatment of bladder cancer is being done right now in many medical centers around the world.
ScienceDaily.com Bladder regeneration using stem cells from patients own bone marrow.
Researchers have developed a medical model for regenerating bladders using stem cells harvested from a patient's own bone marrow. The research is especially relevant for pediatric patients suffering from abnormally developed bladders, but also represents another step towards new organ replacement therapies.
Kystis Welcome to Kystis.
Kystis is a contract research and consultancy service, uniquely placed to predict the actions of drugs and chemicals in the bladder.
Nature.com Scientist grow bladder replacement in lab.
A team of scientists has grown human bladder sacs in the laboratory and successfully transplanted them into people.
School of Medicine Department of Urology, Research: Urinary Incontinence and Neurogenic Bladder.
One of the Department of Urology's main research areas is developing preventative and therapeutic interventions for urinary incontinence and neurogenic bladder.
Elsevier.com MicroRNAs Have Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential in Urinary Bladder Cancer.
German researchers have identified four biomarkers that correctly determine malignancy of urinary bladder cancers and contribute to the accurate prediction of patient outcomes.
Stanford Medicine Drug may prevent development of invasive bladder cancer.
A drug already approved for use in humans may prevent invasive bladder cancer, according to a study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
UCLA Office of Intellectual Property & Industry Sponsored Research Stem Cell Urinary Tract Reconstruction.
Researchers from the UCLA Department of Urology have successfully harvested stem cells from adipose tissue and differentiate them into functioning smooth muscle cells. These adipose derived stem cells can then be used for reconstruction or tissue engineering of smooth muscle containing organs, especially the urethra to treat urinary and stress incontinence.

5. Support and/or Support Groups

WebMD.com Incontinence/OAB Community.
If you have urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, or a related condition, this is a place to find others like you. Share your frustrations, concerns, and support here.
Drugs.com Overactive Bladder Support Group.
Join the 'Overactive Bladder' group to help and get support from people like you.
Mayo Clinic Coping and Support.
Living with overactive bladder can be difficult. Consumer education and advocacy support groups such as the National Association for Continence can provide you with online resources and information, connecting you with people who experience overactive bladder and urge incontinence.
Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) Support Groups: Online Support Community.
The bladder cancer online support community is available 24 hours a day. Over 4,500 bladder cancer survivors, caregivers, family members, and many others support each other through the different stages in their journey with bladder cancer.
MDJunction.com Overactive Bladder Online Support Group.
A community of patients, family members and friends dedicated to dealing with Overactive Bladder, together.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Advocacy and Support Groups.
Patient advocacy groups help patients, their families, and their caregivers navigate the cancer landscape. These groups work to ensure cancer patients receive appropriate and timely care, education, and financial assistance, when needed. Here please find links to advocacy organizations, organized by their mission.
Bladder-Cancer.SupportGroups.com Bladder Cancer Support Group.
Join - We Want You Here, 7701 Members Strong and Growing.
National Cancer Institute Support Services Locator: Organizations that offer Support Services.
View more than 100 organizations nationwide that provide emotional, practical, and financial support services for people with cancer and their families. Choose from a list of services.
Review our tips to find helpful organizations and resources in your community.
Bladder Cancer WebCafe Support Group for Bladder Cancer: Email Discussion List.
Bladder Cancer Cafe, WebCafe's affiliated support/discussion email list hosted by the Association of Cancer Online Resources (ACOR), is a place to meet kindred spirits, at least if you agree with the premise that knowledge is power.
DailyStrength.org Urinary Incontinence Support Group.
Free, anonymous support from people just like you.
Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA) ICA's Online Support Community.
ICA’s Online Support Community is a place of peace, hope, and advice providing comfort for patients, family members, friends, and healthcare professionals looking for ways to better understand the impact of IC.
Nzord.org Rare disease support group directory.
NZORD has compiled a list of rare disease support groups, representing diseases with an incidence of 1 in 2000 or less. These groups are a useful first point of contact for support or information on a rare disease, and can provide ongoing assistance and community for those affected by rare diseases.

6. Facts, Statistics, Quizzes, Etc

American Cancer Society Key Statistics for Bladder Cancer.
More than one million people in the United States get cancer each year. Whether you have cancer or are close to someone who does, understanding what to expect can help you cope. In this section you can find basic information about cancer and what causes it, as well as in-depth information about specific types of cancer, their risk factors, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment options.
National Cancer Institute SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bladder Cancer.
Cancer is a complex topic. There is a wide range of information available. This factsheet does not address causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up care, or decision making, although it provides links to information in many of these areas.
Bladder-Control.co.uk Bladder Control: Facts and Statistics.
In 1998 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that bladder control problems affect more than 200m people worldwide.
Urology The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence.
Urinary incontinence is a significant health problem with considerable social and economic impact. It is important to distinguish between prevalence and incidence with regard to incontinence, and prevalence—the probability of having incontinence within a defined population at a defined point in time—is the more important when considering its impact and the utilization of healthcare resources.
CairnTechnology.com 15 Interesting facts about the Human Bladder.
Cairn is a health, safety and environmental consultancy and infection prevention and control specialist. We lead the way in environmental monitoring and testing, products and training for safer healthcare organisations - primarily hospitals and care homes.
LiveScience.com Urinary System: Facts, Functions, & Diseases.
The urinary system is susceptible to a variety of infections and other problems, including blockages and injuries. These can be treated by a urologist or another health care professional who specializes in the renal system.
GoToQuiz.com How full is your bladder?
Through a variety of questions, both science-based and random, will average out and discover your exact percentage need to use the bathroom. Whether out of fun, boredom, need to go or just plain indecision, this is a fun an great quiz to take!.
SpinalHub.com.au Your Bladder - The Facts.
Your bladder serves a vital function by removing waste products from your body, and your spinal injury is likely to have had an effect on its ability to work well. There are a number of ways you can help ensure good bladder health.
Human Health The Urinary System: Multiple Choice Quiz.
This activity contains 19 questions, each question has a hidden hint that you can use if you need it to help you choose your answer.
MedicineNet.com Urinary Retention Related Pictures & Quizzes
This collection of slideshows, quizzes, and images is intended to help you learn and test your knowledge of Urinary Retention and related conditions.
HealthLine.com What causes decreased urine output? 34 possible conditions.
Oliguria is the medical term for a decreased output of urine. Oliguria is considered to be a urinary output of less than 400 milliliters, which is less than about 13.5 ounces, over the course of 24 hours.
The absence of urine is known as anuria. Less than 50 milliliters, or less than about 1.7 ounces, of urine in a 24-hour period is considered to be anuria.
SoftSchools.com Urinary System Quiz.
The urinary system is an important part of the human body. Take this quiz to find out how much you know about the urinary system. 10 multiple choice questions.
Vitals.com Urge Incontinence Patient Information.
Urge incontinence (also known irritable bladder) is a condition involving bladder storage and urine control. There is a sudden and frequent uncontrollable need to urinate. Urine leakage may accompany these urges.
University of Rochester Medical Center Myth Buster: Get the facts on urinary incontinence.
Everywhere you look, there are ads for incontinence products. No wonder: urinary incontinence affects more than 25 million people in the United States, according to the National Association for Continence. And while sales of adult diapers now outpace sales of baby diapers, incontinence is rarely discussed.
Peninsula Urology Associates, P.A. Overactive Bladder Quiz.
The questions below ask about how bothered you may be by some bladder symptoms. Some people are bothered by bladder symptoms and may not realize that there are treatments available for their symptoms.
Each question has several possible responses. Answer each question with a response that best describes your own situation.

7. Resources for Bladder Disorders and Conditions

Voices for PFD Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes.
The two-page information sheet here(PDF) provides tips and helpful strategies using lifestyle changes for improving urinary urgency and incontinence.
Also on this page:
- PFD Resources
- Find a Provider
- Connect with Others
- And Much More
National Multiple Sclerosis Society Bladder Problems.
In this article, links to these topics:
- Healthy bladder function
- Bladder problems in MS
- Bladder and overall health
- More questions to ask yourself
- Management and treatment options
- Summary
- Resources
Much more information and links about Bladder Problems on this page.
Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center: Bladder Management.
Paralysis at any level usually affects bladder control. The nerves controlling these organs attach to the very base of the spinal cord and are therefore cut off from brain input.
National Institutes of Health NIDDK Publishes Resources about Bladder Problems.
Women with bladder control problems can learn about treatments and techniques to help them manage their condition in a new resource from the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC), an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Urinary incontinence is a problem for millions of women.
United Spinal Association Bladder Management.
On This Page:
- Primary Resources.
- Articles that discuss a variety of concerns and issues about bladder management.
- Other varied, helpful resources.
- Organizational resources.
- And more.
IC-Network.com Your diet habits may help or hurt your bladder.
If only we had a dollar for every well-intentioned family member or friend who encourage urology patients to drink cranberry juice because they believed it was “good for bladder problems!” Unfortunately, they are also wrong. Research has confirmed that foods and beverages high in acid and caffeine can worsen bladder and prostate symptoms. Something as simple as a daily cup of coffee can provoke serious pain and discomfort. Diet modification is a simple, affordable and effective strategy that may help.
HealthInAging.org Elderly at home: Incontinence.
Urinary incontinence, or involuntary leaking of urine, is a problem for at least 30% of people over age 60. It is more common in women than in men and can range from occasional dribbling to total loss of bladder control. What can you do?
Bladder and Bowel Foundation Resources.
- Getting access to the right kind of information can be invaluable, which is why all of our information resources are available to both patients and healthcare professionals
. - To the right hand side you will find our resources menu where you will be able to explore the information we have further.
- Within the information sheet and information booklets sections you will find an array of literature which give general information on symptoms and coping strategies through to more in-depth clinical advice and treatment options.
- We provide guidance on using our Helpline, the provision of specialist services such as our continence clinic database and bring you important news. You will also be able to download and read our quarterly newsletter Vista and read inspiring patient stories.
- There’s plenty more here, so take a look and see how we can help you.
American Bladder Cancer Society Bladder Cancer Support: Resource Library.
On This Page with links to information for each topic:
- Financial, Insurance and Legal.
- Newly Diagnosed Information.
- Treatment Information.
- Pain Management, Palliative Care and Hospice.
- Men and Bladder Cancer.
- Family and Caregiver Resources.
- Women and Bladder Cancer.
Cancer.net Bladder Cancer: Additional Resources.
On This Page: You will find some helpful links to other areas of Cancer.Net that provide information about cancer care and treatment. This is the final page of Cancer.Net’s Guide to Bladder Cancer. To review other pages, use the menu on the side of your screen.
Patient Advocate Foundation Resources.
Patient Advocate Foundation seeks to inform and empower patients allowing them to take control of their healthcare.
Our team of case managers has compiled a list of valuable resources that address several topics that help patients find assistance with medical debt, insurance access, job retention and many other medical related issues.
ElderIssues.com Elder caregiving for families caring for seniors mall.
Please select from the list of categories relating to health care products or services for a list of links to sites online which provide those services.
HealthinAging.com Eldercare at home: Caregiving How Tos.
Eldercare at Home covers over 25 topics, giving guidance and providing clear, practical instructions for dealing with common caregiving problems.
Kidney & Urology Foundation of America, Inc. Patient Resources: Helping the kidney, urology, and transplant communities one step at a time.
Millions of Americans have a kidney or urologic problem. These problems include, but are not limited to urinary tract infections, diabetic nephropathy, kidney stones, enlarged prostate, nephritis (inflammation of the kidney), polycystic kidney disease, urinary incontinence, and prostate cancer. At least 50 million Americans have hypertension, or high blood pressure, which is the second leading cause of kidney failure.
The Kidney & Urology Foundation of America has had a long tradition of working personally with patients and families to guide them through the hard times.
WebMD.com Tools, Support, and Resources: Incontinence and Overactive Bladder Health Center.
These organizations are dedicated to educating patients with urology problems. Check their web sites for more information.
DecisionsResourcesGroup.com Overactive Bladder: Decision Resources’ Market Forecast and Opportunity Analysis.
Overactive Bladder: Decision Resources' Market Forecast and Opportunity Analysis is an Executive Summary presentation of key insights drawn from Decision Resources’ Pharmacor Advisory Service and DecisionBase report on this indication for clients that have purchased both products. By weaving together key findings from Pharmacor and DecisionBase, this presentation provides a high-level summary of the most important issues pertinent to this market.
EverydayHealth.com Urinary Incontinence Resources.
Here are a number of organizations that provide information and support for people with bladder issues and incontinence problems.
Aging Life Care Association Educational and Environmental Resources about Urinary Incontinence for GCMs, Older Adults, and their Families.
Many people who live with urinary incontinence (UI) do not seek treatment because they feel embarrassed, that nothing can be done to treat it or believe it is due to being old. Therefore, they may have limited resources to improve or manage their incontinence. This article provides educational and environmental resources for geriatric care managers, older adults who have UI, and their families about UI and treatment options.